The Impact of Apple Inc. on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1832 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Apple Inc Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Apple is a company that has made a huge impact on the way people use phones to communicate, take photos, listen to music, use the Internet, etc. The company offers a variety of products for consumers to purchase, and they have developed a loyal fanbase over the years. Apple designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media devices and personal computers, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions and third-party digital content and applications. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Apple Inc. on Society" essay for you Create order Their products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch, Apple TV, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, iOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS operating systems, iCloud, Apple Pay and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings. There are several ways that a consumer can acquire these products and services. Apple sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, Apple Store, Mac App store, TV App Store, iBooks Store, and Apple Music (collectively Digital Content and Sevices).1 Apple has grown into a huge and very successful company by being able to accommodate to a wide range of consumers. The company sells to consumers, small and mid-sized businesses and education, enterprise and government customers. General Environment Apple, like any other company, has to consider the several factors that could potentially have an impact on the organization. These factors include political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. One of the political factors that could have an impact on the company attributes to the amount of money they have generated. Apple had $34.7 billion in the bank on June 30, 2015. This is generating calls for higher corporate taxation in the United States, where income inequality has become a major political issue. Apple having their products manufactured overseas is another political factor. Apple is heavily dependent on lower cost manufacturing in China.2 Social and political unrest in China could disrupt manufacturing or increase manufacturing costs in that country. Goods being imported from China is a topic that has been brought up in political debates, with the question of whether itd be good or bad for the American economy. Throughout the years, there has been calls to restrict Chinese imports in the United States in an effort to boost American manufacturing. Some of the economic factors are associated with the consumers that Apple is trying to push their products to. Stagnating middle-class incomes in some developed countries, including the United States, could shrink the potential market for higher-end consumer goods such as those marketed by Apple. Because Apple is a company that does business around the world, other countries economies is something they have to consider. A strong U.S. dollar could increase exchange rates, making it more expensive for Apple to do business in key markets like Europe and China. Some of the social factors that could have a potential impact on Apple starts with the consumers and how they might perceive the products and services that Apple offers. There is a backlash against expensive and stylish products among some customers in the United States and Europe. Some consumers may feel that purchasing an iPhone is very similar to buying expensive clothes or luxurious cars. The products and services that Apple offers could be viewed as dispensable by those who are opposed to an opulent lifestyle. Another social factor attributes to Apple having their products manufactured in China. Ethical concerns about Apples manufacturing in China could limit its products appeal among socially-conscious consumers. When it comes to technological factors, Apple has to consider the other organizations that serve as rivals, such as Google and Samsung. These competitors have demonstrated a strong ability to duplicate Apples product and services, such as Google developing their own payment app, Android Pay, which has the same capabilities as Apple Pay. Apple also has to consider the popularity with some of their products. Growing use of smartphones and tablets will lower demand for Apples popular personal computers. There are several environmental factors that could have a potential impact on Apple. The biggest environmental issue facing Apple is the disposal of used or nonworking electronic devices. Disposing devices that contain lithium batteries in landfills could raise concerns and the expenses of disposing such devices could be high. Apples products being manufactured in China is also an environment factors that could have an impact on the company. Pollution and other environmental side effects from manufacturing facilities in China are a growing concern. This could lead to increased regulation and higher manufacturing costs at some point in the future. The final factor that could have a potential impact on Apple are legal factors. With all of the products and services that Apple offers, there are several things to consider from a legal standpoint. Apple depends on a variety of products covered by intellectual property laws, such as software and music, for much of its income. This leaves the company highly vulnerable to both piracy and litigation. Porters 5 Forces of the Industry Porters Five Forces is a model that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape every industry, and helps determine an industrys weaknesses and strengths. Frequently used to identify an industrys structure to determine corporate strategy, Porters model can be applied to any segment of the economy to search for profitability and attractiveness. If Apple wants to continue to grow and stand out in the industry, they should use Porters Five Forces to formulate strategies that will help them gain a competitive advantage and continue to succeed as a business. One of the forces is the bargaining power of suppliers. Apple has managed a complex chain of suppliers that are spread globally over several nations including the United States, China, Taiwan, Japan, Brazil, Mexico and several other small and big nations. Because Apple has so many suppliers in several countries, they are not limited to a single one, which allows the organization to have options. In this way, Apple also maintains excellent control over its suppliers. There is no threat of forward integration by the supplier either, so Apples position against its suppliers is strong and their bargain power is weak. Another force is the bargaining power of customers. While the bargaining power of individual customers in the case of Apple or its competitors is low, it is not so in the case of customer groups of markets. This is where Apple really needs to pay attention to its competition and what products or services theyre selling to consumers with the same interests. In the last couple of years, Apple has lost a huge market share in the Asian markets in PC industry to competitors like Lenovo, so the collective bargaining power of the customers in individual markets is high.4 However, Apple has a loyal fanbase which has led to high iPhone sales, so the bargaining power of customers can be considered as weak to moderate. Another force is the threat of new entrants. The cost barriers to establishing a new technology company are very high and it would be very difficult for a company to generate Apples king of brand image and recognition overnight. This is something that can serve as beneficial to Apple as the threat of new entrants isnt very strong. However, even though Apple has this advantage, it doesnt mean that there arent threats out there. A big brand with lots of capital and good brand recognition can diversify into this area to challenge Apples market share. The threat of substitutes is another force that is part of Porters Five Forces. Apple needs to provide their consumers with products or services that will keep them satisfied. If not, they will choose to start using other products that are offered within the industry. While the brand loyalty of Apple consumers is high, some of the models from Samsung and Google are a potential threat because of their efficiency and design. Apple can hardly do anything to mitigate this threat except to bring more products with great features, but overall, the threat of substitutes for Apple is moderate. The last force that is part of Porters Five Force is the competitive rivalry between the existing players. The level of competition between the top players in the technological industry is very high. Apple has to take the competitors in the industry seriously if they want to continue to strive as a business. Some of the competitors of Apple in the industry include Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Lenovo, HP, Samsung and others. All these brands are engaged in intense competition where the loss of one can be the benefit of the other. Value Chain Analysis Value chain analysis is a process where a firm identifies its primary and support activities that add value to its final product and then analyze these activities to reduce costs or increase differentiation. Value chain represents the internal activities a firm engages in when transforming inputs into outputs. There are five primary activities that are within the value chain. They are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. There are also four support activities, and they are technology/research development, human resource management, procurement, and firm infrastructure. As mentioned earlier, Apple has a number of suppliers they do business with. CEO Tim Cook is known for his strategy of getting suppliers to compete with each-other and he has reduced the numbers of suppliers considerably after becoming CEO in 2011. The main sources of value in Apple inbound logistics relate to the economics of scale due to the massive scope and scale of business operations and the development of strategic relationships with suppliers. When it comes to operations, Apple has operating segments located in many parts of the world. They include the Americas, Europe, India, Middle East and Africa, Greater China, Japan, and the rest of the Asian Pacific (Australia and other Asian countries). Outsourcing of manufacturing to locations with lower costs of resources is the main source of value for Apple operations. Apple outbound logistics involves warehousing and distribution of ready iPhones, iPads, Mac computers and other products produced by the company.6 E-commerce sales are rightly acknowledged by the company as a massive source of value in terms of inbound logistics, because e-commerce is more cost effective compared to sales via Apple Store.6 Apple has been able to really succeed as an organization with their efforts. They have become the third largest retailer in the United States in terms of size of e-commerce business, only behind Amazon and Wal-Mart. With their marketing and sales, Apple sells their products though seven sales channels. They are Apple retail stores, Apple online store, direct sales force, third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. One of the reasons why Apple has been able to garner a loyal fanbase is because of their service. Apple is famous for exceptional quality of customer services during all three stages: pre-purchase, during the purchase, and post-purchase. The company maintains Apple experience centres in major cities around the globe where anyone can use its products to become convinced about the quality.

Essay on Lime Disease - 941 Words

Lime Disease nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is a tick-borne spirochete. The dangers of this disease became more publicised in 1977, where a geographic grouping of children in Lyme, Conneticut were thought to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis1. Soon after, it was discovered that lyme disease was an illness that mainly affects the skin, nervous system, heart, and joints. The borrelia species is part of the eubacterial phylum of spirochetes. Containted within a protoplasmic cylinder is a cell membrane, followed by wavy flagella, and then an outer membrane. The genes encoded within the outer membrane are located on plasmids which allows the organism to make antigenic changes in these†¦show more content†¦Secondary skin lesions may occur but are smaller and migrate less. The main symptoms include fatigue and excruciating headache, lasting only hours or days. Meningitis, poor memory, mood change, cardiac problems, and facial palsy are also very common. They may recur or become chronic1. Six months later (on average), many patients have brief attacks of arthritis in the large joints, especially in the knee. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stage 3 is classified as the late persistent infection, where arthritis lasts longer (ie. months) and chronic arthritis (a year or more of joint inflammation) begins. More than a year after infection, B. burgdorferI may affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There has been a lot of work carried out in this field, particularly where children are affected. For example, the transplacental transmission of B. burgdorferi has been reported in 2 infants whose mothers were infected with Lyme borreliosis during the first trimester of pregnancy. Both of these infants dies in their first week of life. One had encephalitis and the other had congenital cardiac malformations1. Spirochetes were seen in various fetal tissues. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Studies reviewing lyme disease in pregnant women before knowing the outcome of theirShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Lupus And Limes Disease881 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I was born my mother had Von Willebrand, Lupus and Limes Disease. She wasn t diagnosed until 18 years ago when I was born. I’d see her struggle everyday while it took over her immune system and her physical movement I saw my mother trying to cope with what was and what would be her. As I got older and I could understand the phrase â€Å"mommy isn t feeling good† I knew something was wrong. I saw my aunts come over and help my mom with her hair and do her makeup, my mother had to wear cancer patientRead MoreA Brief Note On Lupus And Limes Disease895 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I was born, my mother had Von Willebrand, Lupus and Limes Disease. She wasn t diagnosed until 18 years ago when I was born. I’d see her struggle everyday while it took over her immune system and h er physical movement I saw my mother trying to cope with what was and what would be her. As I got older and I could understand the phrase â€Å"mommy isn t feeling good† I knew something was wrong. I saw my aunts come over and help my mom with her hair and do her makeup, my mother had to wear cancerRead MoreEpidemiology Is Not For Diseases Among Human Populations1289 Words   |  6 PagesEpidemiology is the study of how often diseases spread through a population. This information can be used to help reduce the damage caused in future epidemics and also help to understand the best way to treat patients of a current epidemic. The word epidemiology comes from Greek, literally translating to â€Å"the study of what is upon the people†. However nowadays epidemiology is not limited to diseases among human populations, epidemiology can now be the study of disease in any defined population. MathematicalRead MoreThe Infectious Nature Of The Disease1001 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history there have been many diseases that have baffled medical professionals. The early study of a diseases origin has ensured the survival of mankind against wide spread death and illness. Puerperal, also known as Childbed Fever, is a disease that causes widespread death and infection in women soon after childbirth. (science/puerperal-fever) The infection can affect any part of the female reproductive system. (science/puerperal-fever) Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician, discoveredRead MoreSustainable Development : The World Health Organization853 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to be addressed. This population faces many challenges besides being on the street, such as health concerns like communicable and chronic disease. By focusing on building and maintaining shelters, this issue can be addressed for not only health purposes but environmental purposes. 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Adulthod final Free Essays

The distinction of the age range within each stage of development or within a single stage say childhood or adolescence varies from one community to another. These distinctions are not fixed and they vary greatly depending on the culture and the social orientation of the society doing the distinction. For instance, the age at which an individual is seen as a juvenile varies from state to another and therefore it is automatic that the age of at which one converts to an adult from adolescence will also vary. We will write a custom essay sample on Adulthod final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the distinction between childhood and adulthood will also vary between these states and generally vary from one cultural and social group to another all along history. It is important to note that the passage year into adulthood or passage years within adulthood itself as a stage of development is socially and culturally fixed. All cultures divide the entire life of human beings into more all the same but what differ are the transition ages from one stage to another or from one sub stage (within one development stage say adulthood) to another. Of great importance are the roles that come with the attainment of each development stage (Barber, 1957). These roles are assigned or expected in each society or culture differently and on the basis of the developmental changes observed at each stage. For instance, one will be expected to marry and raise a family at the entry into adulthood whereas other societies will prefer on to move on to the middle adulthood before he or she could marry. This paper seeks to address the stages of adulthood giving a detailed description of the changes observed at each stage of adulthood and at the same time addressing how public policy affects each period of development and examine the different cultural influences during each developmental period. 2.0 Literature Review Life development stages are often marked by certain specific social, physical and psychological developments or changes. When these changes are observed the assignment of rights, roles, privileges and responsibilities then takes place but this assignment is depended on the culturally defined or defined as a matter of official policy. For instance, in Western industrialized societies, the life development stages are defined as Prenatal stage (conception- birth), Infancy (birth-2 years), Early childhood (3-6 years), Middle childhood (6 years- puberty which of course varies), Adolescence (beginning of puberty to adulthood), Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood old age (sixty-five and older). Of great concern especially for this paper are the stages of adulthood which as seen from above list is divided into 3 stages: Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood/old age (65 years and older) (Pikunas Eugene, 1991). A young adult is lies between the age of 20-40 and individuals in this sub stage of adulthood display energy and vigor. They are generally of perfect health and bereft of problems related to senescence. Physical performance reaches the peak at the age of 20-35an starts to wane after 35, Strength peaks at 25 and remains constant through 35-40 after which it starts to decline and Flexibility decrease as the age goes past 35 or 40. It is important to note physical differences in which a 40 year old may out beat a 20 year old on many of the aspects highlighted above. Women in this group reach their fertility peak which then decreases gradually as age progresses. For instance, there is 50%, 40% and 30% for women aged19-26, 27-34 and 35-39 respectively (Lesser Pope, 2007). At this sub stage of adulthood, the members think in a more mature way as oppose to the preceding adolescence stage and focus more on the positive construction of a bright future ahead of them. Further, they learn to appreciate value in things and issues, tangible or intangible, and their relationships with adults improve markedly. Middle adulthood, according to the US official policies , includes the ages 35-54 year olds but Erik Erikson deems otherwise and thinks that this stage end later and thus sets the stage to last from 40-65 years old. This stage succeeds young adulthood and it is defined by visible aging signs such as graying of hair and loss of skin elasticity, put up of body weigh usually due to reduced physical activity and decrease in strength and flexibility. Female fertility also decreases significantly during this stage of middle adulthood. However, the aging process observed in this stage varies from one individual to another mainly through the concept of individual differences (Shephard, 1998). Finally, late adulthood or old age starts from 65 years and above. However this boundary between the middle adulthood and old age may not be categorically placed because it doesn’t share the same connotations in all societies and therefore it varies from on society to another. For Instance, in most parts of the world, old age is assigned to people based on certain changes in their lives, activities and social roles i.e. people are said to be old   when they assume or become grandparents, or when they retire. European and North American societies identify old age with attainment of specific number of years. This apparently last stage of the human life cycle is distinct of limited regenerative ability with the members being highly prone to disease sickness and syndromes besides other aspects of senescence. 3.0 Statement of the Problem The stages of adulthood development vary from one society or government to another. It is evident that the age definitions of these sub stages of adulthood differ from one official government policy to another and these governments fix these age .numbers based on the societal assignments of roles. The society on the other hand assigns roles, responsibilities, privileges etc basing on the public policy defined by the government. Therefore, it goes without saying that public policy affects each of the sub stages of adult development cultural orientation immensely influences each sub stage of developmental period. 4.0 Research Methods The method of collecting data is designed in a way that one randomly observes various people in various sub stages of adulthood noting the common physical, social and even psychological features where possible. Further, at least ten individuals in each sub stages of the adulthood stage i.e. Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood, Elderly are interviewed to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and what are some of the responsibilities, roles, rights etc that come with each sub stage of adulthood development. The research schedule was set a below: 4.1 Early Adulthood Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.2 Middle Adulthood Observations: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.3 Late Adulthood Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.4 Elderly Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage How to cite Adulthod final, Papers

Future Planning

Question: Explain The formal feedback that is needed for the future planning. Answer: The proactive measures likely taken for the improvement of the encouragement of the team is by awarding them accordingly. The team involved in certain activity always appreciates some positive feedback regarding their performances. Hence rewarding them is the best way to promote the encouragement as well as continue the improvement. The formal feedback that is needed for the future planning are: Request for the increase in the payroll. Adequate means of the environment improvement so that the employees find a good place to work. The increase in the manpower for some specified department to continue with the activity of the organization. To help improve the time management skills we can give them adequate training in maintaining the time. Also, make them attend the sessions to understand the most tactful way of managing time and give them time to practice on the same. The problems to be discussed are: The problem in the behavior that the colleagues sometimes get from each other. The problem regarding the salary increase. Problems of the exploitation. The KPI or the KSI are used for the monitoring of the performance of the team xo that they can have the track with themselves regarding the performances they deliver. The use makes them competitive providing a better outcome. The hospitality industry is purely based on the teamwork. Hence, not coordinating can lead to the miscommunication resulting the customer remaining unfulfilled. The most effective tool for the problem solving is the mode of the discussion. The conference will give rise to new ideas resulting less of confusion. The best way to give feedback is by sending an official mail regarding the same. To check the understanding of the instructions require the examination of the output. The most common problem is the misbehavior that the employees face. It is advisable to make a discussion with the concerned and if nothing changes then it is advisable to move to the concerned forum. The very general encouragement is the group discussion and gives scope to that person so that they find comfortability to discuss the problem. This is in concern for _____ hotel: Front office SOP regarding the guest room allocation and the up gradation or the downgrade: SOP- guest room allocation for downgrade: SOP Number: FO-_____( this is the SOP for the serial number and the departmental code) Department- Front Office. Date of issue: Training Time: 30 minutes. Familiar with the type of the room to get a generalized concept- It is important to get familiar with the category of the room along with the differences even if that is minor. The trainers are expected to memorize the same so that they can detect the exact location for the situational optimize. Verify the specification and the reservation- it is important for the trainer to verify the guest immediately after they check-in. During the time of the check-in, it is important to note the category of the reservation. Trainers are expected to verify the guest and their category respecting their perspective while they applied. Category available: Higher floor. Special viewing rooms. Rooms that must have the location away from the elevator. Twin/ double. Smoking or non- smoking. Any other criteria specially mentioned by the guests while they made the reservation. Allocation of the room- while the guests check-in it is important to note the category with the reserved room they opted to stay. It is important for the trainer to note that the room allocation goes with the criteria the guest made the order. Honor request of Guest- sometimes it is not possible to allocate the room as per the guest request. Searching an alternative room as per the request may not be possible as the room may be accompanied. Inform the guest regarding the unavailability of the rooms and convince them to shift to the time of unavailability. A common request to be followed. For the couples, it is essential to provide a king size bed and not the twin bed. There must be an availability of the non- smoking rooms. If any company members come in groups, then they should get the allocation in the similarity basis as well as the convenience. Problematic rooms to be given least preference. As per the request of the single woman blocks the interconnecting rooms or keep it accessed. Consider any other options. It is the duty of the trainer to consider the other options so that there is a chance for an alternative availability. Always upgrade the guest in the room if the booked criteria are unavailable. The front office must be active to process any recovery. If the downgrade rooms are the only option left, then explain that politely to the customer and make the payment adjustment in such manner. Training summary questions: Types of rooms available? Details to verify during the time of arrival of guests? What makes it important ensure the type of room to be allotted while the request made for the same? How to handle a situation when you cannot process a request from the guest. What are the common requests of the guests? What guidelines to follow for the room up gradation? Who is the concerned person to inform for the down gradation of a room? Why or why not it is a good practice to block problematic rooms for longer staying guests. Take special care for the guests with disabilities and make amenities or the services required at the time of reservation. Superblock such rooms in advance so that there is the lack of confusion. Workflow plan for an activity: Work schedule for an activity: The steps outlined for the asserting of workloads and other responsibilities are: Concerning the excel sheet that explains the work schedule, it is determined about the workload to be delivered and to observe whether such person is capable or not. The workload is shared in such manner so that the person can get competent and is confidence to do it. It will be baseless to pressurize someone for the output which is the main concern of the department while they deliver the work. Predicting the demands relates to the dealing with the product. So, the product must be such that the consumer demands. Hence, the output and the quality followed by the demand of the consumers give a calculative prediction of the demands regarding the product. As the concerned member of the specified department, it is the duty to make the assumptions based on such demands. The staffs for the same must be provided with adequate means to maintain the same quality so that predicted demands are the constant factor, and the quality remains same as per the demand made by the consumer. Workload and demand prediction can fulfill when there is enough fulfillment of the stuffing needs. When the stuff and the stuff needs are fulfilled, then the adequate means of output can be drawn. This is the main concern with the concerned department. SOP for business department for (organization name): Financial procedures: the process includes the directives of the financial department, which also includes the financial reporting that helps in constituting a separate SOP. IT procedures and computer: this includes the information regarding the IT process as well as the other technology procedures. The system even includes the information of the about the company policy for the use of the internet, personal email account, evaluation of the hardware and software. SOP reflects the standards of asserting the risks that are included in the technology security breach. Human Resource and its working: the Human Resource is the main department of the organization. The total strength of the company depends on upon the Human Resource and it's working. Hence, this department must be well-trained and some additional guidelines provided so that they can sort out the problems in the entity faced by the employees or the management. Marketing and sales: some experts in the SOP explains that guidelines for the business corporation for making some market analysis with the research and the procedures. Some of the guidelines are mailed which includes the advertising of the product, mail marketing, and the public relations. Security concern: The main component of the SOP is the security concern. SOP for the entity takes adequate measures for maintenance of security. SOP remains with the components about the statement of the guidelines and the ethics that is related to the employee contact code. The benchmarking is the medium of the measurement that defines the quality of the organizational policies, strategies, programs as well as the products. It is a medium to make some measurement as well as to compare them or make some similar measurements regarding the peers and that medium. The main objective of the benchmarking are: To determine the improvements for the places where it is called to make such improvements. Analyzing the places of weakness so that the organization can get some of the ideas to achieve a performance at a high level. The information extracted from the same helps provide a better outcome so that there is a scope for the improvements. It is the new trend of the company to adopt the system of the benchmarking so that there is a possibility to set a new excellence and all the future models can live in that excellence expectation. There are four types of benchmarking: Internal Benchmarking. Functional benchmarking. Competitive benchmarking. Skill was benchmarking. The relation between benchmarking and the SOP are as followed: The greatest relation between the parameter and SOPS is that they both can be used for the information of the assessment theories. In the matter of the benchmark, the assessment is held for the judgment of someone's performance. The judgment of the performance makes sense in the matter that somehow it will be able to judge the performances. The benchmark is the most efficient way of the performance measurement criteria and hence it is accepted in the reasonable standards. For the purpose of the training, the benchmark is widely used by the judge for the performance assessment so that there is an easy method to bring a conclusion about the depth of the knowledge and the capability to further continuation of the same. In the SOP standard, the policy followed as by giving a snapshot of the set of knowledge that are performed to some particular standard. It specifies particular criteria describing the outcomes of the factor for what we are looking and is purely based on the performance. System involved in the quality assurance for the (department name): The system involved in the quality assurance is a factor that is an employee based section. The system takes adequate means to increase and encourage the employees regarding the quality assurance by giving out the awards. The awards in the form of the extrinsic or the intrinsic motivate the employee to work better. The arrangement of the Annual General Meeting is one of the critical components of the factors improving the working area for the better outcome. The two different times when the team encountered an operational or service issue are: When there was a confusion going on between the team members. When the management complained about the outcome productivity. The things came to the notice: When the outcome productivity was getting low, and there was a situation of internal tension where the team members were not willing to work with each other. The response was to call for a meeting with the management and the discussion made so that there is a change in the outcome and can improve in the future.

Introduction to Montessori free essay sample

Q1. Discuss the life and works of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she referred to as a lady much ahead of her time? If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to b hoped from it in the bettering of man’s life. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individual’s total development lags behind. Dr. Maria Montessori . Maria Tecla Artemesia Montessori (Italian pronunciation: [ma? ria montes? s? ri]; August 31, 1870 – May 6, 1952) was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Her educational method is in use today in public and private schools throughout the world. Contents 1 Life and career 1. 1 Birth and family 1. 2 1883–1896: Education 1. 3 1896–1901: Early career and family 1. 4 1901–1906: Further studies 1. 5 1906–1911: Casa dei Bambini and the spread of Montessoris ideas 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Montessori or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 1909–1915: International recognition and growth of Montessori education 1. 7 1915–1939: Further development of Montessori education 1. 8 1939–1946: Montessori in India 1. 9 1946–1952: The last years 2 Educational philosophy and pedagogy 2. 1 Early influences 2. 2 Scientific pedagogy 2. 3 Casa dei Bambini 2. 4 Further development and Montessori Education today 3 Montessori Method 4 Works . Birth and family. Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Ancona, Italy. Her father, Alessandro Montessori was a conservative military man. Her mother, Renidle Montissore was an educated and liberal lady and supported Maria’s educational pursuit. She got chance to have education throughout Italy because of her father’s frequent transfers. 1883–1896: Education Montessori entered a public elementary school at the age of 6 in 1876. Montessori entered a secondary, technical school Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti by the time she graduated in 1890 with a certificate in physics–mathematics, she had decided to study medicine instead, an even more unlikely pursuit given cultural norms at the time. University of Rome—Medical school. Montessori moved forward with her intention to study medicine, but was strongly discouraged. Nonetheless, in 1890, she enrolled in the University of Rome in a degree course in natural sciences. This degree, along with additional studies in Italian and Latin, qualified her for entrance into the medical program at the University in 1893, she was met with hostility and harassment from some medical students and professors and her father. Despite opposition of many years, Montessori graduated with highest honors from the University of Rome in 1896 as a doctor of medicine and holds the title of being the first lady doctor in the history of Italy. She found employment as an assistant at the University hospital and started a private practice. 1896–1901: Early career. From 1896 to 1901, Montessori worked with and researched so-called phrenasthenic children—in modern terms, children experiencing some form of mental retardation, illness, or disability. She also began to travel, study, speak, and publish nationally and internationally, coming to prominence as an advocate for womens rights and education for mentally disabled children. Work with special children. After graduating from the University of Rome in 1896, Montessori continued with her research at the Universitys psychiatric clinic, and in 1897 she was accepted as a voluntary assistant there. As part of her work, she visited asylums in Rome where she observed children with mental disabilities, observations which were fundamental to her future educational work. She also read and studied the works of 19th-century physicians and educators Jean Marc Gaspard Itard and Edouard Seguin, who greatly influenced her work. Maria was intrigued with Itards ideas and created a far more specific and organized system for applying them to the everyday education of children with disabilities. When she discovered the works of Jean Itard and Edouard Seguin they gave her a new direction in thinking and influenced her to focus on children with learning difficulties. Also in 1897, Montessori audited the University courses in pedagogy and read all the major works on educational theory of the past two hundred years. Public advocacy. In 1899 Montessori was appointed a councilor to the newly formed National League for the Protection of Retarded Children, and was invited to lecture on special methods of education for retarded children . She joined the board of the National League and was appointed as a lecturer in hygiene and anthropology at one of the two teacher-training colleges for women in Italy. Orthophrenic School. In 1900 Montessori was appointed directed of the new Orthophrenic School, a medico-pedagogical institute for training teachers in educating mentally disabled children with an attached laboratory classroom. During her two years at the school, Montessori developed methods and materials which she would later adapt to use with mainstream children. The school was an immediate success, attracting the attention of government officials from the departments of education and health, civic leaders, and prominent figures in the fields of education, psychiatry, and anthropology from the University of Rome. The children in the model classroom were drawn from ordinary schools but considered uneducable due to their deficiencies. Some of these children later passed public examinations and Montessori startled the world. 1901–1906: Further studies In 1901, Montessori left the Orthophrenic School and her private practice, and in 1902 she enrolled in the philosophy degree course at the University of Rome. She also pursued independent study in anthropology and educational philosophy, conducted observations and experimental research in elementary schools, and revisited the work of Itard and Seguin, translating their books into handwritten Italian. During this time she began to consider adapting her methods of educating mentally disabled children to mainstream education. Montessoris work developing what she would later call scientific pedagogy continued over the next few years. In 1903 and 1904, she conducted anthropological research with Italian school children, and in 1904 she was qualified as a free lecturer in anthropology for the University of Rome. She was appointed to lecture in the Pedagogic School at the University and continued in the position until 1908. Her lectures were printed as a book titled Pedagogical Anthropology in 1910. 1906–1911: Casa dei Bambini and the spread of Montessoris ideas. In 1906 Montessori was invited to oversee the care and education of a group of children of working parents in a new apartment building for low-income families in located in the worst slum district of Rome. Montessori was interested in applying her work and methods to mentally normal children, and she accepted. The name Casa dei Bambini, or Childrens House, was suggested to Montessori, and the first Montessori house opened on January 6, 1907, enrolling 60 children between the ages of two or three and six or seven. At first, the classroom was equipped with a teachers table and blackboard, a stove, small chairs, armchairs, and group tables for the children, and a locked cabinet for the materials that Montessori had developed at the Orthophrenic School. Activities for the children included personal care such as dressing and undressing, care of the environment such as dusting and sweeping, and caring for the garden. The children were also shown the use of the materials Montessori had developed. ] Montessori herself, occupied with teaching, research, and other professional activities, oversaw and observed the classroom work, but did not teach the children directly. Day-to-day teaching and care were provided, under Montessoris guidance. In this first classroom, Montessori observed behaviors in these young children which formed the foundation of her educational method. She noted episodes of deep attention and concentration, multiple repetitions of activity, and a sensitivity to order in the environment. Given free choice of activity, the children showed more interest in practical activities and Montessoris materials than in toys provided for them, and were surprisingly unmotivated by sweets and other rewards. Over time, she saw a spontaneous self-discipline emerge. Based on her observations, Montessori implemented a number of practices that became hallmarks of her educational philosophy and method. She replaced the heavy furniture with child-sized tables and chairs light enough for the children to move, and placed child-sized materials on low, accessible shelves. She expanded the range of practical activities such as sweeping and personal care to include a wide variety of exercises for care of the environment and the self, including flower arranging, hand washing, gymnastics, care of pets, and cooking. She also included large open air sections in the classroom encouraging children to come and go as they please in the rooms different areas. She felt by working independently children could reach new levels of autonomy and become self-motivated to reach new levels of understanding. Montessori also came to believe that acknowledging all children as individuals and treating them as such would yield better learning and fulfilled potential in each particular child. She continued to adapt and refine the materials she had developed earlier. She began to see independence as the aim of education, and the role of the teacher as an observer and director of childrens innate psychological development. Spread of Montessori education in Italy. The first Casa dei Bambini was a success, and a second was opened on April 7, 1907. The children in her programs continued to exhibit concentration, attention, and spontaneous self-discipline, and the classrooms began to attract the attention of prominent educators, journalists, and public figures. In the fall of 1907, Montessori began to experiment with teaching materials for writing and reading—letters cut from sandpaper and mounted on boards, moveable cutout letters, and picture cards with labels. Four- and five-year-old children engaged spontaneously with the materials and quickly gained a proficiency in writing and reading far beyond what was expected for their age. This attracted further public attention to Montessoris work. Three more Case dei Bambini opened in 1908, and in 1909 Italian Switzerland began to replace old methods with Montessori in orphanages and kindergartens. 1909–1915: International recognition and growth of Montessori education. As early as 1909, Montessoris work began to attract the attention of international observers and visitors. Her work was widely published internationally, and spread rapidly. By the end of 1911, Montessori education had been officially adopted in public schools in Italy and Switzerland, and was planned for the United Kingdom. By 1912, Montessori schools had opened in Paris and many other Western European cities, and were planned for Argentina, Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Switzerland, Syria, the United States, and New Zealand. Public programs in London, Johannesburg, Rome, and Stockholm had adopted the method in their school systems. Montessori societies were founded in the United States (the Montessori American Committee) and the United Kingdom. Highest recognition and awards . Maria Montessori was pictured on the Italian 200 lire coin and through the 1990s on the 1000 lire bill. Montessori for the Noble Peace Prize thrice. Italian 1000 Lire banknote (approx. 0. 52 â‚ ¬) representing Maria Montessori Montessori’s Death. She left the world in the Netherlands in 1952, but would always stay alive as she lives as an immortal through her method, which has helped and would continue to help children of all ages to be better human beings. She lived in old days but was definitely â€Å" A WOMAN MUCH AHEAD OF HER TIME†

Weathering, Erosion and the Transport of Rock Materials essays

Weathering, Erosion and the Transport of Rock Materials essays Weathering can be considered as the breakdown of rock to form sediment. It is also regarded as the physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rocks and minerals at or near the earth's surface. The three main types of weathering are physical weathering, mechanical weathering, and chemical weathering. Mechanical weathering is the physical breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces that retain the chemical composition of the parent material. (Body from which the weathered material originated.) Once again, under mechanical weathering, there are other processes that take place such as: Frost action simply involves water creeping in rock crevices and freezing. Where the ice formed expands, it wedges itself into these crevices. This is known as Frost wedging. E.g. Talus slope, Lost River, West Virginia, USA. When ice thaws, it causes parts of the rock to be dislodged from the main body. Thermal expansion and contraction are to do with the volume of the minerals in rocks changing (expanding and contracting) in response to cooling and heating. Another important factor here is that darker minerals absorb heat faster than lighter ones. Pressure release or exfoliation would be the removal of pressure of deep burial, when rocks underneath the surface undergo immense pressure from the earth's interior heat forcing them to push through surface material breaking into leaves and sheets along joints which parallel to ground surface. E.g. Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA. Organisms such as burrowing plants and animals (rodents, worms, reptiles, etc...) also participate a lot in weathering. They construct channels through the soil mixing soil and sediment particles, allowing water and gas to go through. The roots of plants, trees and large bushes would be a nuisance in that they would force their way th ...

Staff Planning Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Staff Planning - Term Paper Example In the food and retail industry the man power requirement is high and also there is requirement for manpower in manufacturing, operations, customer service, distribution, marketing and accounting. Our current requirement of manpower is on the basis of our new opening in the city. The current manpower requirement is 45 staffs, 15 – customer service, 15 – distribution and marketing, 10 – accounting, 5 – operations (which includes 1 Public Relations staff). For this we require skilled and trained manpower in the respective departments. The selection of a right candidate is the most complicated task in an organization. It is important to recruit the right candidate at the right time and right place and for the right job in order to achieve organizational goal. Staffing is a very important activity in an organization and should be done according to the requirements in the organization. There are various strategies to recruit the appropriate applicants. On behal f of my company when I am selecting the right candidate, I would prefer not only the educational qualification but the person’s experience and moral status to find out whether he is competent to job. â€Å"Employee selection processes are critical to hiring a superior staff† (Employee Selection, 2011). ... For example, various departments have various requirements. For a manager post in ‘Customer care department’ it is better to demand an experience between 3 to 6 years. These years of experience will make candidates expert in this field and he shall have a good idea about the particular department and would be able to take timely decisions according to the decisions provided by the marketing department. For a managerial post in the operations department a person needs to be a good planner and organizer. He should be a good organizer and should be able to manage both men and materials. The manager should bring together all factors of production in a place and he should organize the activities of employees to achieve the organizational goal. The person should have a work experience of 7-8 years in the industry and understand the industry’s competitors and represent the firm to the public. For the PR department it has been advised by our HR representatives and staff t o appoint a female candidate who can represent the firm to the Media. There are several legal compliances, which have to be followed in the recruitment of people in organizations, most of which are related to the employment laws that exists in the state. â€Å"The Department of Labor’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) evaluates employment practices for federal contractors† (Harpe & Mendez 2011). Recruitment is always been an area, where most of the companies backfire in establishing good faith attempt. This often is owing to the lack of communication and direction to recruiters concerning placement goals. Recruitment frequently contains: Formatting the best plans for finding applicants and making gripping job advertisements. Screening the candidate’s resumes and phone

Business and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business and society - Essay Example It encourages operating a business in a way that meets the ethical, legal and social expectations of the society. The concept results in situations where organizations contribute voluntarily to make the society better and clean. The organizations integrate ethical values in the running and management of the company. Most business companies have the obligation of creating employment for the society members as a social responsibility. The expectations of the society have evolved over time to include the needs of all stakeholders. Corporations have the obligation of providing quality and safe products to their customers (Buchholtz & Carroll, 29). At the global level, they are required to meet the expectations of investors, human rights individuals, and environmentalists. At a country level, stakeholders include the government, employees, and suppliers among others. The government expects companies to pay taxes and provide safe working conditions for employees. The workers expect to get numerous benefits from the enterprise. These advantages include the provision of health care services for them and their families. Supplies expect ready market for the products they offer to the organization. Organizations have to commit to improving the economic development of the society by improving the lives of its stakeholders. Companies play a significant role in the enhancing the welfare of the community and its members. Stakeholder management improves the efficiency and effectiveness of research projects. Research projects are crucial to companies because they can put innovative ideas into reality. Living wages is an essential component to most corporations dealing in corporate social responsibility. Most stakeholders avoid the main aspects of social justice, and it permits them to look good without doing the public good. Firms are entitled to account

Ethical, Legal and Professional Duties of Nurses

Ethical, Legal and Professional Duties of Nurses Introduction: Nurses are subject to a large number of ethical, legal and professional duties which are so many to be discussed in this essay so that is why only main important ethical and legal duties will be discussed in this essay. According to the scenario, these main ethical and legal duties will be respect of patients autonomy and the duty of care which is given to all the patients. These duties are professional and legal in New Zealand and even all over the world which when breached can lead to legal implications. These duties are ethical duties as well because ethical considerations arise when these duties are breached, considerations such as when can these duties be contemplated, so there for these duties are ethical duties as well. In this essay, the whole critical discussion will be about the professional, ethical and legal issues that arise according to the given scenario. According to nursing council of New Zealand, nursing profession is bounded by its own code of ethics. Ethics is defined as the branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality, that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc. In this critical discussion, Autonomy will be the main aspect, autonomy of patient and judgement of health professional in betterment of the patient. The competencies and codes related to the above scenario according to nurse perspective are that the nurses should act ethically maintaining the standards of practice and nurses should respect the rights of the clients. These codes used in this scenario actually mean that a nurse should acknowledge and allows the individuality of a person, should act in a culturally safe manner, should use knowledge and skills for the benefit of the patients, nurse is responsible for maintain standards in her professional practice and should practice in her own scope of practice. A registered nurse is actually defined as the person who uses nursing knowledge and critical nursing judgement to assess health needs of a patient so that the best health care can be provided and advises people to self manage their health. In this scenario, the patient states the pain score as 8/10 after three hours of having morphine and the doctor thinks the patient has become dependent on morphine. Being a nurse one should ask the patent to wait for another hour so that he can have another dose of morphine and then nurse should assess if the patient is actually dependent on morphine or he is actually in pain. As a nurse, she needs to have courage, honesty and should maintain the advocacy role. In this scenario, it is very critical to decide that if the patient has become dependent on morphine or is it the doctor who thinks the patient has become dependent, being a registered nurse; one should maintain the autonomy of the patient keeping the standards of health care provided to the patient. Autonomy refers to the human capacity for self-determination and independence (Journal of clinical oncology:2001). Autonomy has two aspects, one from the nurses view and another one from patients perspective, so n this essay we will discuss autonomy issues from perspectives of nurse and the patient. In this case Mr. S is making constant requests for having 40mgs of morphine which is prescribed to him every 4hours PRN. He also states that the morphine is not actually relieving his pain and after three hours of having morphine he asks for another dose. Doctors think that the patient has become dependent on morphine so the doctors prescribe him for a placebo of normal saline instead. There is a case study which is concerning about issues in autonomy of patients which is mainly focused on nurses perception of patients autonomy and category of regaining autonomy in patients. The autonomy of patients is usually affected by circumstances such as family, health care provider, community etc. It is believed that the autonomy issue can only be resolved by a team effort, which can include processes of health education, self management etc (Proot et al: 2002). The main point of concern in this scenario is that the patient is given a placebo instead of the morphine, so that the patient would not ask for morphine again and again. The justification for giving placebos is that in the judgement of the giver, the act is beneficial to the patient (Rumbold. G, 1999). This point has both positive and negative impacts on the patient and on the health practitioners and the nurses. This is also according to Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 that the patient should be safe.The Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 provides a framework for the regulation of health practitioners in order to protect the public where there is a risk of harm from the practice of the profession (Ministry of health: 2010). The positive point is that if the patient has become dependent on the morphine, which is not good according to the patients health, which is why prescribing a placebo would be a better alternative for patients health. This is t he good point of this scenario according to the nurses perspective as the nurse would always work for the better health of the patient which can only become positive results for them instead of them being dependent on any medication. There is another positive point according to the nurse perspective which could be a main concern that the patient is demanding morphine repeatedly to make him feel satisfied and relieved from pain, but according to the nurses assessment, the patient feels satisfied and relieved mentally but that is not true, actually the patient has become mentally stuck that morphine s the only medication which can heal his pain. So, giving him placebo is a better option. There are some negative points as well. According to the New Zealand legislation, this action of nurses comes against The Human Rights Act 1993, which states that every individual has a right to know the truth. In this scenario, the patient is unknown of the fact that he has been administered for a saline instead of morphine. According to a nurse, the biggest ethical, legal and the professional issue here is autonomy of the patient. Autonomy is a very powerful aspect of ethical framework of almost all over the world. Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical philosophy (Autonomy: 2010, July). In these contexts, it refers to the capacity of a patient to make an informed decision. In moral and political philosophy, autonomy is often used as the basis for determining moral responsibility for ones actions (Autonomy: 2010, July). Autonomy means to respect rights of others to determine a course of action. So in this scenario, according to the right of autonomy based on standards of ethics, nurses should respect the patients decision and should respect of what they want. Health professionals have no right to deny patients decision. Nurses should respect patients decisions and their autonomy to develop a trustworthy and professional relationship. According to this scenario, the patients auto nomy should be respected as the patient states the pain score of 8/10 after three hours of having morphine. Mr. S has a right to decide if the morphine is relieving his pain or not and the health professionals are meant to respect his decision as patient is the person who is suffering from a very severe pain. Nurses should provide proper education to the patient and should inform about the consequences of having morphine repeatedly so that the patient can chose the best possible intervention for him. The patient also has the right to have the informed consent about any medication which is prescribed to him. If he is given an unknown medication without his consent, it comes against legal issues and can cause legal implications. In Mr. S case, if placebo of saline instead of morphine is administered to the patient without his consent, then he has the right of action to say that the medication was given to him without the consent and it can make legal implications. So, before prescribing or administering any medication to the patient, doctors or nurses should have full consent of the patient. Therefore informed consent is an ethical, legal and a professional duty of nurses and even every health professional. Consent is very effective in abiding ethical and legal duties. Sometimes, according to a nurse, it can be effective for a patient not being informed about the medication, to get positive outcomes for patients health. It is effective according to the nurse, but it is actually enabling patients decision and his condition. In some cases if a patient is unable to express what he wants, only then a nurse can decide what is best for the patient but a person like Mr. S, who can state his condition must be informed of the placebo of saline. The nurse has a duty to prevent the patient from anything worse happening to the patient but if the patient is not mentally ill, he/ she should have full right to take any decision for them. If the patient says that morphine is not relieving his pain it means that it is not really working for him. It is not good to say that the patient has become dependent on morphine. For example, if nurse administer Mr. S a placebo of saline instead of morphine, his pain can go worst which is not good for the patient and it is not the best practice of a nurse. The New Zealand legislation says that a person has a right to be informed and a right to have freedom. It is under Human Right Act of 1993 which when applied ensures that a person has a right to decide what they want without any interference of any other person. In this act there is a point of having informed medical treatment and a person has right to chose if they want the treatment or not. Ethical issues and changes in society are responsible for nurse-client relationship. The role of the nurse is to maintain clients autonomy, maintain and improve health and promote a professional relationship of trust. The key ethical principles of respect for persons, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and veracity should be inclusive in the models of the provider-patient relationship (Margret. M, 1998, para. 1 ). There are some contracts in nurse-client relationship which are boundaries, confidentiality and therapeutic nurse behaviours. Therapeutic nurse behaviours are self awareness, being genuine, respectful, culturally safe, responsible and ethical practice. These are the things which are expected from a nurse by a client and the society. All these contracts are applicable internationally. Nurses being culturally safe with clients have become the nursing practice more powerful. This concept of cultural safety was first introduced from New Zealand and is now used all over the world. Cultural safety is to keep own culture in mind and respecting others culture and practicing in the same manner. Conclusion In this essay, we looked at the case of Mr. S who is in severe pain and is in need of another dose of morphine. He states pain score of 8/10 and doctors think that the patient is dependent on morphine which he would never realise that is healing his pain or not. Mr. S condition successfully states the ethical, legal and professional issues that surrounds nurses and patients autonomy as patients need of morphine would be conveyed by the nurse to the doctor. Here patients condition has been critically discussed and the main influence is on patients autonomy and informed consent of the patient. Nurses roles and the code of ethics have also been discussed in the essay.

Diabetes Mellitus Essay -- Medical Research

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition which afflicts millions of people around the world. It is related to the insulin hormone, which is secreted by cells in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. In someone who has diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is produced. There are three main types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestational. I will be discussing type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM, or juvenile diabetes’ consequences are from the body’s failure to generate insulin. It is an autoimmune disease distinguished by failure of the insulin producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas on the way to insulin shortage. Type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated nature, where beta cell loss is a T-cell mediated autoimmune attack. Most people are healthy, in a healthy weight, when the sudden onset of type 1 occurs. It can occur at any age, mostly young, hence â€Å"juvenile diabetes†. It has some connection to hereditary. Various factors contribute to type 1 diabetes as well as genetics and exposure to certain viruses. Signs and symptoms come on suddenly and include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), extreme hunger (polyphagia), weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. Some known risks are family history, genetics, and geograph y. Other possible risk factors include viral exposure, low vitamin D levels, and drinking water that has nitrates may increase the risk as well. The more common type is type 2 diabetes mellitus, also known as non-insulin-dependent ... ...list of support groups to assist in lifestyle adjustment and aid family in providing emotional support. Ninety-eight billion dollars is spent every year in the United States in order to treat diabetes. As there is still no cure, research hasn’t stopped. Just because a person has diabetes doesn’t mean their life has to be over. With proper management, diet, exercise, education and support, a person doesn’t have to be overtaken by diabetes instead take over diabetes. Control is key to the lifestyle adjustment that a diabetic patient needs. Works Cited Milchovich, S. (2011). Diabetes mellitus, a practical handbook. Bull Publishing Company http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/ds00329. American diabetes association (2009). The uncomplicated guide to diabetes complications. 3rd edition http://www.drugs.com/diabetes-treatment.html

Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar

Htet Khine Soe Student of Graduate School of Business, Assumption University, Thailand Rawin Vongurai, Ph.D. Lecturer of Graduate School of Business, Assumption University, Thailand  Literature ReviewMobile banking is studied the most value-adding and necessary mobile commerce application (Baptista and Oliveira, 2015; Malaquias and Hwang, 2016; Chaouali, W., Souiden, N. and Ladhari, R. (2017)). Laukkanen and Kiviniemi (2010) defined mobile banking as â€Å"an interaction in which a customer is connected to a bank via a mobile device such as a cell phone, smartphone, or personal digital assistant†. Mobile banking services admit the customers to check account balances, transfer funds between account to account, and make mobile top-up bill and others payments. They have a huge potential market because of their always-on functionality and the option for customers can open their own mobile wallet accounts at anywhere of without needing to pay a visit to the bank.Perceived ease of use (PEOU)Davis (1989) described the perceived ease of use that â€Å"the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort†. It is the terms which a customer believes that a system is easy to learn or use. This system is similar to the complexity system used in innovation diffusion theory (IDT) (Rogers, 1995). Mobile banking technology should be simple and easy for the customer to understand in order to enhance acceptance (Chitungo and Munongo, 2013; Mortimer, G., Neale, L., Hasan, S.F.E. and Dunphy, B. (2015); Koksal, 2016). The factors affects the complexity in mobile banking system such as navigation problems, a small screen size, and transaction issues. Venkatesh (2000) found the perceived ease of use by integrating internal control (computer self-efficacy) and external control (facilitating condition) into technology acceptance model (TAM). The other studies (Davis, 1986, 1989) also pointed that perceived ease of use can impact perceived usefulness because other item being equal the easier the technology is to use the more useful it can be. The research in mobile banking system shows that perceived ease of use has significant effect on perceived usefulness.Social influence (SI)The theory of reasoned action (TRA) and its additions (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) require that human behavior is followed by intentions, which are designed based on an individual's attitude towards the behavior and perceived subjective norms. Venkatesh et al. (2003) represented subjective norms as social influence, which is derived from theories such as theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), decomposed theory of planned behavior DTPB, TAM2, C-TAM-TPB, the model of PC utilization (MPCU), and image in IDT. Social influence mentioned an individual's perception of other people's opinions if he or she should perform a particular behavior. The studies of mobile banking adoption have shown a relationship between social influence and intention to use mobile banking (Laukkanen et al., 2007; Amin et al., 2008; Riquelme and Rios, 2010; Puschel et al., 2010; Sripalawat et al., 2011; Dasgupta et al., 2011; Tan and Lau, 2016).Computer self-efficacy (CSE)The derivation of self-efficacy is social cognitive theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986). Self-efficacy expectation is the â€Å"conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes† (Bandura, 1977). Additional, â€Å"expectations of self-efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences† (Bandura, 1977). Self-efficacy belief is termed computer self-efficacy, which is termed as one's perception of his or her ability to use a computer (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). In the mobile banking, if the customer believes that he or she has the required knowledge, skill, or ability to operate mobile banking, there is a higher chance of trying to usage the service. Through this hypothesis, the study explores whether a customer has the self-confidence to use mobile banking. Previous studies have exposed empirical evidence of a causal link between perceived ease of use and self-efficacy (Luarn and Lin, 2005; Wang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-H. and Luarn, P. (2006); Sripalawat et al., 2011; Jeong and Yoon, 2013).Perceived financial cost (PFC)The cost incurred in conducting mobile banking could slow its adoption. In the mobile banking, the cost has been found to be a major barrier to adoption (Yu, 2012; Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Koshksaray, A.A. and Tabar, M.J.S. (2014); Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Rana, N.P. (2017)). The cost incurred consist of the initial purchase price, equipment cost, subscription charges, and transaction cost. Perceived financial cost is the extent to which a person believes that using mobile banking would be costlier than other options (Luarn and Lin, 2005).Security (S)Security is a serious concern when conducting financial transactions through electronic channels. Hence, this could be one of the main barriers to the adoption of mobile banking, as personal or financial information could be exposed and used for fraudulent activities. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) defined security as â€Å"a threat which creates circumstances, condition, or event with the potential to cause economic hardship to data or network resources in the form of destruction, disclosure, modification of data, denial of service and/or fraud, waste, and abuse†. Mobile banking contains more uncertainty and risk to the customer. In the mobile/wireless environment, security can be considered as the mobile payment-enabling application security, network security, and device security. The security mechanism of mobile banking has a positive effect on intention to use.Trust (T)Trust can be defined as the willingness to make one vulnerable to actions taken by a trusted party based on the feeling of confidence or assurance (Gefen, 2000). Masrek et al. (2012) defined trust in mobile banking as â€Å"the belief that allows individuals to willingly become vulnerable to the bank, the telecommunication provider, and the mobile technology after having the banks, and the telecommunication provider's characteristic embedded in the technology artefact†. Trust shows a significant role in the adoption of mobile banking, helping customers overcome the fears of security/privacy risks and fraudulent activities in the mobile channels (Gu et al., 2009; Zhou, 2011; Afshan and Sharif, 2016). Trust is improved by the security mechanisms provided by mobile banking services. Customers are more likely to trust the new service if adequate security is provided for their transaction data. The researchers such as Komiak and Benbasat (2004) have noticed trust from the emotional point of view and defined as the extent to which an individual feels secure and confident about relying on the trustee. Ennew and Sekhon (2007) have defined the trust as â€Å"individual's willingness to accept vulnerability on the grounds of positive expectations about the intentions or behavior of another in a situation characterized by interdependence and risk.† This definition combines both the emotional as well as cognitive dimensions of trust. Therefore, consumer trust could be described as a function of the degree of risk involved in the situation and it is basically needful only in uncertain situations.Behavioral intentions (BI)Intention is defined as a prediction of actual behavior in socio-psychological studies (Bagozzi, 1989). The studies evidenced that intention is a prediction of actual behavior. Bae (2014) point out that intentions are powered by a person's attitude, norms an d self-control. This study is founded Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The theory is used for behavioral intentions. It emphasize that a person's behavior is intentional is the result of attitude, subjunctive norms and self-control. Behavioral intention is also described as the extent to which users are willing to use a technology (Carlsson, Carlsson, Hyvonen, Puhakainen ; Walden, 2006). The subjective norm construct for behavioral intention is the most supreme antecedent (Ajzen, 1991). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) explains the purchase intention (Ajzen ; Madden, 1986). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) describes that performance of behavior is presented by the intention to carry out the behavior itself (Warshaw, 1980). The theoretical studies point out that intentions predicts a person's behavior. This view align with a context of BI to use customer intention of mobile banking system for this system.Research Framework and MethodologyResearch ObjectiveThis study proposed to identify the factors influencing acceptance and adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar and develop the behavioral intention to use the mobile banking in the Myanmar banking sector.Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual framework of the study is adopted from the theoretical framework of Intention to use mobile banking in India (Sindhu Singh and R.K. Srivastava, 2018). The framework using in this research to find the customer intention to use the mobile banking system in Myanmar. To these study the factors consists of self-efficiency, perceived ease of use and social influence and intention to use. The other factors included security, Trust, and perceived financial cost, which are recognized to influence mobile banking acceptance(Luarn and Lin, 2005; Lee et al.,2007; Zhou, 2011; Yu, 2012; Hanafizadeh et al., 2014; Afshan and Sharif, 2016). The bank customer has many digital payment system to use than mobile banking where these six constructs play an important role. The study aimed that if the mobile banking system is easy to use, customers have the self-confidence to use and it is secure, trustworthy system, and cheaper than other digital payment system, more customers will be willing to use mobile banking system. Thus, the conceptual framework is developed to study the factors of influencing to use mobile banking in Myanmar as shown in Figure 1.HypothesisThe hypotheses of this research based on the conceptual framework to find the relationship between Self-Efficacy, perceived ease of use, Social Influence, Security, Trust, perceived financial cost that influence the customer intention to use the mobile banking in Myanmar. There are four hypotheses in this study are as follow;H1:Self-efficacy has significant influence on perceived ease of value of mobile banking system.H2: Self-Efficacy (H2a), perceived ease of use (H2b), Social Influence (H2c), Security (H2d), Trust (H2e), perceived financial cost (H2f) have significant influence on intention to use mobile banking system.H3: Security has significant influence on Trust of mobile banking system.H4: There is a significant mean difference in monthly income level on intention to use mobile banking system.Reliability MethodologyThis research was conducted by performing the qualitative analysis for the adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar through a survey method. The survey was carried on in form of online and offline questionnaire to collect all required data. The convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used as non-probability sampling for the data collection. There are three parts of in questionnaire which are screening question, Likert scale and demographic. Measurement of Conceptual Framework and Variables The target respondent of this research were people who live in Myanmar and have used mobile banking system. The literature review was conducted to ensure that the model were appropriate for developing the conceptual framework and to understand all variables incorporated in this study. A five-point Likert scale was applied to test all hypotheses by ranking from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) throughout this study to measure the hypotheses. Population and sample The research questionnaire was distributed through the online and offline based survey with 200 respondents answered to the survey. The questionnaires have been distributed using sampling techniques of the convenience and snowball methods in order to obtain the data. The people who live in Myanmar continuously 6 months and have used the mobile banking system were selected as target respondents for this study.Reliability TestThe reliability test and validity of the questionnaire was established the pilot test by distributing 30 respondents. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was considered to examine the reliability level of each group of items included in the questionnaire. The test result of independent variable is consistent the requirement standard with Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient higher than 0.6 (Cronbach, 1951). The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient result in a range between 0.733 and 0.899 which is greater than 0.6. Therefore, the questionnaire developed for this study is fully achieved the standard required for reliability test. The result is shown in Table 1. Table 1:Consistency of the scales test (N=30)Variables Number of items Cronbach's AlphaPerceived ease of use (PEOU) 2 0.752Social Influence (SI) 3 0.733Computer self-efficacy (CSE) 2 0.789Security (S) 3 0.842Perceived financial cost (PFC) 3 0.748Trust (T) 4 0.836Behavioral Intention (BI) 4 0.899

Top 10 Books about Ecofeminism

Top 10 Books about Ecofeminism Ecofeminism has grown since the 1970s, blending and furthering activism, feminist theory, and ecological perspectives. Many people want to connect feminism and environmental justice but arent sure where to begin. Here is a list of 10 books about ecofeminism to get you started: Ecofeminism by Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva (1993)This important text explores the links between patriarchal society and environmental destruction. Vandana Shiva, a physicist with expertise in ecology and environmental policy, and Maria Mies, a feminist social scientist, write about colonization, reproduction, biodiversity, food, soil, sustainable development, and other issues.Ecofeminism and the Sacred edited by Carol Adams (1993)An exploration of women, ecology, and ethics, this anthology includes topics such as Buddhism, Judaism, Shamanism, nuclear power plants, land in urban life and Afrowomanism. Editor Carol Adams is a feminist-vegan-activist who also wrote The Sexual Politics of Meat.Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters by Karen J. Warren (2000)An explanation of the key issues and arguments of ecofeminism from the noted environmental feminist philosopher.Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens by Greta Gaard (1998)An in-depth look at the parallel development of ecofeminism and the Green party in the United States. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature by Val Plumwood (1993)A philosophical - as in, Plato and Descartes philosophical - look at how feminism and radical environmentalism intertwine. Val Plumwood examines oppression of nature, gender, race, and class, looking at what she calls a further frontier for feminist theory.Fertile Ground: Women, Earth and the Limits of Control by Irene Diamond (1994)A provocative reexamination of the notion of controlling either the Earth or womens bodies.Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism edited by Judith Plant (1989)A collection exploring the link between women and nature with thoughts on mind, body, spirit and personal and political theory.Intimate Nature: The Bond Between Women and Animals edited by Linda Hogan, Deena Metzger and Brenda Peterson (1997)A mix of stories, essays, and poems about animals, women, wisdom and the natural world from an array of women authors, scientists, and naturalists. Contributors include Diane Ackerman, Jane Goodall , Barbara Kingsolver, and Ursula Le Guin. Longing for Running Water: Ecofeminism and Liberation by Ivone Gebara (1999)A look at how and why ecofeminism is born from the day-to-day struggle to survive, particularly when some social classes suffer more than others. Topics include patriarchal epistemology, ecofeminist epistemology and Jesus from an ecofeminist perspective.Refuge by Terry Tempest Williams (1992)A combination memoir and naturalist exploration, Refuge details the death of the authors mother from breast cancer along with the slow flooding that destroys an environmental bird sanctuary.

Free Essays on Alcholism

Alcohol abuse is a problem that seems to affect a large proportion of the population. This disease does not discriminate by color or sex. It only preys on those who choose to play Russian roulette and succumb themselves physically and emotionally. Those who feel that they can tempt the bottle without being bitten sometimes are not lucky enough to break away. Many times, those who are unfortunate enough to break their ties from alcohol abuse leave their next of kin with the same temptation. We are brought up to look forward to drinking alcohol. In which it is a problem that is socially overrated. It is a growing fad that is glorified and socially manipulated. From the beginning of birth, we have been brought up to think that drinking allows us to have a good time. Unfortunately, we are not taught that there are consequences of this so-called glamorous lifestyle. It has been noted that â€Å"alcoholism is genetic†¦.45% of alcoholism is caused by genetics, 60% by factors that we do not understand.† (Alcoholism Treatment, Dr. Robert R. Perkinson, URL: www .alcoholismtreatment.org). For example, â€Å"two identical twins are split at birth and raised in two different areas of the world. If one becomes an alcoholic, it is 40% likely that the other twin will also become an alcoholic.† (Alcoholism Treatment, Dr. Robert R. Perkinson, URL: www.alcoholismtreatment.org). Those who live with an alcoholic or have an alcoholic in their family are affected as well. These people tend to see drinking as a way to cope with problems, or believe that the abuse of alcohol is okay. These learned behaviors become a pattern that is repeated. It has been reported that â€Å"43% of U.S. adults have been exposed to alcoholism in the family: they grew up with, married an alcoholic, problem drinker, or had a blood relative who was ever an alcoholic or problem drinker.† (National Center For Health Statistics {NCHS}, Advance Data, USDHHS, No. 205... Free Essays on Alcholism Free Essays on Alcholism Alcohol abuse is a problem that seems to affect a large proportion of the population. This disease does not discriminate by color or sex. It only preys on those who choose to play Russian roulette and succumb themselves physically and emotionally. Those who feel that they can tempt the bottle without being bitten sometimes are not lucky enough to break away. Many times, those who are unfortunate enough to break their ties from alcohol abuse leave their next of kin with the same temptation. We are brought up to look forward to drinking alcohol. In which it is a problem that is socially overrated. It is a growing fad that is glorified and socially manipulated. From the beginning of birth, we have been brought up to think that drinking allows us to have a good time. Unfortunately, we are not taught that there are consequences of this so-called glamorous lifestyle. It has been noted that â€Å"alcoholism is genetic†¦.45% of alcoholism is caused by genetics, 60% by factors that we do not understand.† (Alcoholism Treatment, Dr. Robert R. Perkinson, URL: www .alcoholismtreatment.org). For example, â€Å"two identical twins are split at birth and raised in two different areas of the world. If one becomes an alcoholic, it is 40% likely that the other twin will also become an alcoholic.† (Alcoholism Treatment, Dr. Robert R. Perkinson, URL: www.alcoholismtreatment.org). Those who live with an alcoholic or have an alcoholic in their family are affected as well. These people tend to see drinking as a way to cope with problems, or believe that the abuse of alcohol is okay. These learned behaviors become a pattern that is repeated. It has been reported that â€Å"43% of U.S. adults have been exposed to alcoholism in the family: they grew up with, married an alcoholic, problem drinker, or had a blood relative who was ever an alcoholic or problem drinker.† (National Center For Health Statistics {NCHS}, Advance Data, USDHHS, No. 205...

Compensation Plan Outline (Wal-Mart) Assignment

Compensation Plan Outline (Wal-Mart) - Assignment Example Wal-mart is widely known for its vast range of chain stores that provides the world with the best and most affordable and accessible forms of technology. It is more so known to provide some of the latest stellar digital forms of technology and other appliances that are vital for human use. However, Wal-mart success has been hanging on the balance due to its recent controversy on its compensation plan. For sure this has not been a piece of cake and exasperating has it been for the company to retain back its lost glory. It is because of this that this paper is written to providing stellar corrective measures on compensation plan. Compensation management is the strategic process of aligning pay, incentives and benefits of employees with the organizational goals and objectives (Bhatnagar,  2004)). Compensation management further aims at linking an employee and the organization though an employment relationship in such a way that the Company achieves its objectives and strategy effectively whilst the employee gets to be compensated well for making it possible. An effective and fair compensation to the employees is thereby vital in steering the employees to the path of greater productivity and optimized output. Wal-mart Company based in United States is one of the top retail chain stores that were known to incorporate compensation plan as part of its policy. This was done through sub paying the workers whilst providing an insurance scheme for its employees. Even though one could term the insurance scheme as being the best package for the employees of Wal-mart Company, the process did not do much in increasing the Company’s profitability and productivity. Instead, a great number of Wal-mart employees felt deprived of what they would say were their own hard work. Actually, Wal-mart Company was providing insurance scheme as part of compensating the employees due to the advent of

Business In Asia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business In Asia - Research Paper Example The Asian Financial Crisis which happened during 1997 in stark continuation with the happening of the global financial crisis rendered significant implications on separate economies of Asia. The paper in this connection endeavours to understand the impacts of the Asian Financial Crisis on economies of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Japan entered the realm of financial crisis owing to the decline in the currency of Thailand. During the era of financial crisis, both the currencies of Asia and America became overvalued leading to mass scale investments in the region of Thailand. Investments which were driven to Thailand mainly catered to the development of construction industry leading to the rise of the property bubble. However, the situation of the financial institutions in Japan deeply worsened which lead to the region’s further dependence on international funds. As compared to the Japanese effect economic and financial situation of other economies like Taiwan and Singapore al so reflected similar slowdowns. The growth of the Asian Financial Crisis also leads to the final demise of economies like Indonesia and Southern Korea. The Asian countries like Malaysia, Thailand, the region of Hong Kong and the Philippines Islands were all swept by a huge recessionary wave. Further, the decline in the currencies of the Asian economies also made these economies highly dependent on foreign currencies making them equally expensive. Thus, the financial institutions of these Asian economies started finding it difficult to meet the debt of the external borrowings. (Moe, 2004, pp.231-232). Thus, it is found that the happening of the global financial crisis changed the face of the Asian economies. Leaving the Chinese and Taiwanese economies, the Gross Domestic Product of other Asian economies like Korea, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand and the like was adversely affected owing to the wave of global financial crisis. Several policy decisions were taken at the regional level to counter the growing effect of the financial crisis. The

Federal Constitution in US Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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