Gibbons v Ogden Decision Fair or Unfair :: essays papers

Gibbons v Ogden Decision Fair or Unfair The decision in the Gibbons v. Ogden case is, in my opinion, a very just and fair one. Many believe it to be the first anti- trust decision in U.S. history. The economic results cannot be over-estimated, a different decision could have resulted in completely different circumstances than with which we are accustomed to today. The free flow of commerce, which we seem to almost take for granted in modern economics and business, may have never been a possibility without decisions such as this. Monopolies did not allow for equal division of business and therefore was unjust. If all men are created equal they should be given equal opportunities. The New York Livingston-Fulton monopoly clearly subjected any potential competition to harsh conditions that would make it impossible for them to keep up in their business. Travel by steamboat was much faster than any other means in the time of this case and to give complete control to only one partnership was unfair. Under the constitution Congress has the right to regulate commerce. Although the monopoly was a form of internal state trade regulation it directly impacted on inter-state trade after a number of states passed laws to come back at the New York monopoly. Therefore, Congress had the right to intervene and end the monopoly. To completely understand the impact of the Gibbons-Ogden decision it is necessary to understand the situation surrounding it. In 1798 Robert R. Livingston secured an exclusive twenty year grant from the New York legislature. By the terms of this grant he could exclusively navigate by steam the rivers and other waters of the state, provided that within two years he should build a boat which would make four miles an hour against the current of the Hudson River. The legislature had no faith whatsoever in the project but the decision was still made against the many jeers. The terms of the grant were not met and it was renewed in 1803, this time to Livingston and his new partner, Robert Fulton. It was renewed once more in 1807 and finally that August Fulton’s steamboat made its first successful trip from New York to Albany. The following year the Legislature, fully aware of the practical significance of Fulton’s achievement, passed a law stating that for each new boat navigated on New York waters by Fulton and Livingston that they should be provided with a five year extension to their monopoly, which may not exceed thirty years.

Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE IN AN AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: Utrecht University The bylaws of the American Comparative Literature Association stipulate the writ-ing every ten years of â€Å"a report on the state of the discipline. † The present collection Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization represents the latest in the series and is a follow up to Charles Bernheimer's Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism (1994). The structural similarities between the two titles, with their repetition of â€Å"Comparative Literature in the age of † is striking, and I will corne back toit.The nineteen essays in the collection have been written by a team of eminent scholars and they respond not only to Bernheimer's collection and to the general theme of â€Å"globalization† but also to each other. The resuit is an interesting series of kaleidoscopic interventions, some highly readable and pulling lots of punch; others less user-friendly and, in attempting to ar ise to the occasion, somewhat convoluted and over-written.Granted: the â€Å"report† is a very awkward genre for which there are no rules and, given this need to improvise, the editer Haun Saussy has made a good job of providing a nuanced and multiperspectival account of the â€Å"state of the discipline†. It would have enhanced the impact of the present volume, however, had it been at times less an inward looking colloquy among seniors and more inviting to the as-yet not initiated graduate student.As it is, it makes very interesting reading for the diehard senior member of staff (and presumably the members of the ACL A) while being less accessible to the future scholar or to those working in other disciplines and interested in finding out what Comparative Literature stands for, where it is going to, and why it might be important. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Litterature Comparee CRCL DECEMBER 2008 DECEMBRE RCLC 0319-051Ãâ€"708/35. 4 /353  ©Canadian Comparative Literature Association 54/ CRCL DECEMBER 2008 DECEMBRE RCLC ANN RIGNEY | COMPARATIVE LITERATURE IN AN AGE OF GLOBALIZATION/ 355 A survey attempting to do justice to the complexity of an academie field and what is at issue in it, almost inevitably leaves the reviewer less with a single argument than with a variety of perspectives on a variety of issues (on among other things, the importance of historical approaches, the value of study of graphie novels and other visual forms alongside texts; the nature of comparative literature as a â€Å"metadiscipline† or exploratory space).So what is really surprising about this collection, then, is the degree of convergence that it nevertheless manifests. To begin with, the majority of contributors do address some issue within the broad frame of â€Å"globalization† taking their eue from the substantial introductory essay by Saussy, himself a specialist in Chinese literature.Where the 1994 report focuse d on questions of the boundaries between literature and other cultural expressions, ten years later the main emphasis here is on themes that are in many ways more traditional within the multilingual field of comparative literature: the concept of world literature or â€Å"literatures of the world† and how best to teach it (David Damrosch and Katie Trumpener provide interesting solutions); the cultural role of translation and its status as a medium in teaching and research (Steven Ungar); the nature of comparison itself and the grounds upon which texts or movements from different cultural and linguistic traditions, even from different periods, may usefully be compared with each other and if indeed, as Emily Apter argues following Alain Badiou, if grounds for comparison are always needed; the future role of (East) European literature and theory within the much larger body of world literature now becoming available (Caryl Emerson). Even Marshall Brown's enthusiastic celebration of the close reading of particular texts, using the example of Effi Briest, reflects the concern with globalization: the very fabric of Effi's provincial life is woven through, as Brown shows, with the impact of more distant and general developments.Such concerns suggest that we are witnessing the return of Comparative Literature to its origins as the inter-cultural and multilingual study of literature. As if to con-firm this, the polyglossic Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Literatur established by Hugo Meltzl de Lomnitz in 1877 is cited on more than one occasion as the foundational text of the discipline (rather than say, the Russian Formalists' programme for a general literary science as promoted among others by Rene Wellek). The phrase â€Å"return to origins† might seem at first sight a merely conservative retreat to older positions, but re-engaging with roads taken earlier in comparatism is not a symptom in this case of burnout.Instead, the present concern with intercultur al and interlinguistic â€Å"comparatism† as the basis for the common pursuit of literary studies represents not just a return, but also a revitalization: a return to a well-established tradition that had been marginalized as long as other theoretical formations, taking a more universalist approach to literary texts, dominated the academie study of literatures, as they did from the 60s on. But it also represents a revitalization and expansion of this tradition: at a time when globalized communication networks, intercultural exchanges and human mobility are such dominant features of our lives, some of the traditional concerns of comparative literature a la Meltzl de Lomnitz and Paul van Tieghem among others have become relevant in new ways and have the possibility of taking central stage in the field of literary studies at large.Ail of this is good news for those who continue to want to disengage the study of literature from the inevitable parochialism of the separate language departments and who are committed to the study of literature as a trans-national medium that has long been crossing borders—before ever the term globalization was invented—both in the original and in the form of translations. The report thus bespeaks confidence in the Comparatist project and a certain excitement at the sense that literature has become an even richer domain now that we in the West are becoming belatedly aware of the variety of literatures in the world and, thanks to work done in the last years to make it more accessible in the form of anthologies, a little better equipped to talk about nonEuropean literatures.As several contributors point out, the success of comparatist concerns in the field of literary studies at large along with the more general acceptance of translation as a legitimate medium for teaching, may mean that Departments of Comparative Literature as such may become less distinctive. The even greater risk is also there that the inter-lingu istic and inter-cultural aims of the Comparatist project may end up being reduced to the derivative study of â€Å"literatures of the world† through the monolingual filter of a globalizing English. For globalization, of course, is always double-edged: while providing a greater awareness of cultural diversity it also tends to reduce that diversity by the very fact that it makes cultures more widely accessible in an homogenizing lingua franca.Given this downside of globalization, the distinctive aims of Comparative Literature as the multilingual study of literature have become ail the more urgent. As the present collection demonstrates, however, the traditional demand that students of Comparative Literature be at home in three (European) languages is no longer enough for the task at hand. More language skills are needed. But since there are presumably also limits to the number of languages any individual scholar can master, there is new need for different forms of collaboration between specialists in various fields-a point implied by a number of contributors, though not extensively thema-tized in the present collection.Indeed, given this need for collaborative projects, the core of Comparative Literature may no longer be in a particular â€Å"disciplinarity† (i. e. that it is carried out by individuals who are skilled in various languages, though hopefully these people will continue to exist) but in its function as a platform for research and teaching: the fact that it brings together scholars who are committed to exploring in a collaborative way the cross-currents and exchanges between literatures written in different languages across the world at different periods. This report on â€Å"the state of the discipline† thus gives not only food for thought but also reasons for confidence.Nevertheless, it also leaves me with some niggling doubts about the very way in which we as literary scholars think about our work. My concern centres on the ge neric title: â€Å"Comparative Literature in the age of†¦ † The problem lies not so much in the epochal tone, suggesting as it does that in the course of 10 years we have moved from the â€Å"age of multiculturalism† to that of â€Å"globalization† (as if mul- 356/ CRCL DECEMBER 2008 DECEMBRE RCLC ANN RIGNEY | COMPARATIVE LITERATURE IN AN AGE OF GLOBALIZATION/ 357 ticulturalism were somehow no longer relevant or globalization a new thing). The problem is more with the implicit assumption that one should define â€Å"the state of the discipline† by looking at ils relation to â€Å"the age† around it as if it should be its mirror.Behind this conceptualization lies, of course, the legacy of Matthew Arnold and the belief that criticism's main task is to provide knowledge, not so much of literature as such, as of the world itself as this is represented or reflected through literature. â€Å"Comparative Literature in the age of † bespeaks thi s grand commitment to be the conscience of the world and to interpret the â€Å"best† that has been thought in it. This continues to be a self-evident aim within literary studies. Hence the ongoing selfsearching about what is the proper object of study fuelled by the belief that the choice of object (world literature, literatures of the world, popular fiction or highly regarded works of literature) involves an ethical decision about what is relevant at the present time or in the present world.With our present global perspective and our awareness that there is more to literature than the canon of European classics, that â€Å"worldly† task has become an even heavier one and the way to its realization more fraught by the need to select carefully. Far be it from me to trivialize the importance of cultural criticism or a commitment to seeking out interesting literary phenomena to study above more banal ones. Nevertheless, there is something paradoxically ostrich-like about the ways in which Comparative Literature defines itself in relation to the world around it and in relation to â€Å"the age† as a whole. The very moral authority accorded to literature is also a throw-back to a time when literature (vide Arnold) was the dominant cultural form.But for ail its ostensible worldliness, the present collection arguably puts its head in the sand when it cornes to the changing status of literature in the highly mediated world in which we live and where globalization has been effectuated more obviously through the medium of television, film, popular music and internet than it has through literature. In paying so much attention to world literature and how it should be defined and taught (in itself a really positive development) the collection nevertheless succeeds in ignoring the fact that literature's relation to the world, and its place in the world, has fundamentally changed. More precisely, it ignores the interface between literature and other med ia, and between literature and other forms of knowledge at the present time. In raising this point, I do not mean to uggest that we should ail drop the study of literature in favor of looking at other media (a pos-sibility raised briefly by Malti-Douglas), for that would be to perpetuate the belief that literary studies is somehow a super-discipline that provides the conscience for the humanities and has a responsibility for ail of culture. Rather it is an argument in favor of reconsidering the changing relations between literature and other cultural media, and the impact both in the past and in the present of new technologies and changing literacies on the very possibilities we have for expression and interpretation. It is also an argument for considering new forms of collaboration with specialists in other fields of culture. In other words, the next challenge is to conceive of literary studies itself from a comparative perspective, that is, in relation to other forms of knowledge about culture and media.In the last decades, certainly in Europe, media studies have been institutionalized and have been providing increasing competition for literary studies both when it comes to attracting students and to attracting research funding. The question which needs to be addressed, sooner rather than 10 years down the line, is how to reposition comparative literary studies in relation to these adjacent fields. In the first place, this will mean becoming more modest: accepting the fact that writing and reading are just one form of culture among other, albeit the one with the longest history and about which there is the greatest body of knowledge (here we should be much less modest).It will also involve becoming more pro-active as we define more clearly, and become once again surprised by the magic of language in its various manifestations, what literature can and can not achieve (Jonathan Culler's intervention hints in this direction). Instead perhaps of soul-searching c ontinuously about the identity of Comparative Literature in relation to the set of objects (world literature, counter-canons, etc) and in relation to â€Å"the age† as a whole, we need to look outside the discipline and accept that there is an outside. Hopefully the next report will focus less on â€Å"the state of the discipline† as seen from within and be more specific about what we have to offer the world of learning at large.

Comparing Anxiety and Drug Use in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde...

Anxiety and Drug Use in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Sign of the Four The life experiences and writings of the Victorians are peppered with anxiety. External influences such as sweeping change or fear of change can produce unease, as seen in the their anxious attitude toward Darwinism and colonialization, which greatly influenced the political, spiritual, and psychological landscape of nineteenth century England. However, for Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes and Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll, anxiety springs from an internal source: the human mind and its many urges. For Jekyll, the anxiety is fueled by a desire to set free his evil urges; for Holmes, the catalyst is his proclaimed boredom with everyday life.†¦show more content†¦Further, his anxiety also stems from an internal inability to create intellectually stimulating situations for himself. Jekylls anxiety is also internal but more psychological in nature. The doctor comes from an established family and thus must conceal his bad qualities. He perceives the duality of man within himself, both good and bad, but as a member of societys elite, Jekyll has no room in his life for immoral or socially unacceptable behaviors and urges. As he realizes that man is not truly one, but truly two, (Stevenson, 43) Jekylls anxiety stems from an internal inability to create a consciousness that can accommodate his urges. It is interesting that both the well-educated Holmes and Jekyll, one being an intellectual elitist, the other a social elitist, would turn to the dangerous world of drugs to ease their anxieties. But desperation often forces man to make unsound decisions. Jekyll sees drugs as an antidote for guilt; Holmes, as an antidote for boredom. In desperation to alleviate anxiety, two people who should know better choose a dangerous path. While Holmes and Jekyll choose similar paths, their desired outcomes are very different. Holmes resorts to intravenously injecting either cocaine or morphine to escape from his anxiety of boredom, while Jekyll faces his anxietyShow MoreRelatedDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1887 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is the story of an addict whose inebriated self just happens to have a different name. It does not matter what the solution he drinks for his transformation is supposed to represent, whether alcohol, opium, heroin, or some other substance—he checks off every box for addictive and self destructive behavior. There can be no clearer interpretation of â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† than that it is a polemic against the prevalent usage of drugs and alcohol in EnglandRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesâ€Å"general-purpose† technology. For example, car and truck companies now use information Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 13 CHAPTER 1 NEW MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS GROWTH IN A DEMANDING ECONOMY 13 technology as the basis for the telematics of the communications products installed for driver and passenger use in their cars and trucks and for the management of their supply

The Impact of Apple Inc. on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1832 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Apple Inc Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Apple is a company that has made a huge impact on the way people use phones to communicate, take photos, listen to music, use the Internet, etc. The company offers a variety of products for consumers to purchase, and they have developed a loyal fanbase over the years. Apple designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media devices and personal computers, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions and third-party digital content and applications. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Apple Inc. on Society" essay for you Create order Their products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch, Apple TV, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, iOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS operating systems, iCloud, Apple Pay and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings. There are several ways that a consumer can acquire these products and services. Apple sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, Apple Store, Mac App store, TV App Store, iBooks Store, and Apple Music (collectively Digital Content and Sevices).1 Apple has grown into a huge and very successful company by being able to accommodate to a wide range of consumers. The company sells to consumers, small and mid-sized businesses and education, enterprise and government customers. General Environment Apple, like any other company, has to consider the several factors that could potentially have an impact on the organization. These factors include political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. One of the political factors that could have an impact on the company attributes to the amount of money they have generated. Apple had $34.7 billion in the bank on June 30, 2015. This is generating calls for higher corporate taxation in the United States, where income inequality has become a major political issue. Apple having their products manufactured overseas is another political factor. Apple is heavily dependent on lower cost manufacturing in China.2 Social and political unrest in China could disrupt manufacturing or increase manufacturing costs in that country. Goods being imported from China is a topic that has been brought up in political debates, with the question of whether itd be good or bad for the American economy. Throughout the years, there has been calls to restrict Chinese imports in the United States in an effort to boost American manufacturing. Some of the economic factors are associated with the consumers that Apple is trying to push their products to. Stagnating middle-class incomes in some developed countries, including the United States, could shrink the potential market for higher-end consumer goods such as those marketed by Apple. Because Apple is a company that does business around the world, other countries economies is something they have to consider. A strong U.S. dollar could increase exchange rates, making it more expensive for Apple to do business in key markets like Europe and China. Some of the social factors that could have a potential impact on Apple starts with the consumers and how they might perceive the products and services that Apple offers. There is a backlash against expensive and stylish products among some customers in the United States and Europe. Some consumers may feel that purchasing an iPhone is very similar to buying expensive clothes or luxurious cars. The products and services that Apple offers could be viewed as dispensable by those who are opposed to an opulent lifestyle. Another social factor attributes to Apple having their products manufactured in China. Ethical concerns about Apples manufacturing in China could limit its products appeal among socially-conscious consumers. When it comes to technological factors, Apple has to consider the other organizations that serve as rivals, such as Google and Samsung. These competitors have demonstrated a strong ability to duplicate Apples product and services, such as Google developing their own payment app, Android Pay, which has the same capabilities as Apple Pay. Apple also has to consider the popularity with some of their products. Growing use of smartphones and tablets will lower demand for Apples popular personal computers. There are several environmental factors that could have a potential impact on Apple. The biggest environmental issue facing Apple is the disposal of used or nonworking electronic devices. Disposing devices that contain lithium batteries in landfills could raise concerns and the expenses of disposing such devices could be high. Apples products being manufactured in China is also an environment factors that could have an impact on the company. Pollution and other environmental side effects from manufacturing facilities in China are a growing concern. This could lead to increased regulation and higher manufacturing costs at some point in the future. The final factor that could have a potential impact on Apple are legal factors. With all of the products and services that Apple offers, there are several things to consider from a legal standpoint. Apple depends on a variety of products covered by intellectual property laws, such as software and music, for much of its income. This leaves the company highly vulnerable to both piracy and litigation. Porters 5 Forces of the Industry Porters Five Forces is a model that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape every industry, and helps determine an industrys weaknesses and strengths. Frequently used to identify an industrys structure to determine corporate strategy, Porters model can be applied to any segment of the economy to search for profitability and attractiveness. If Apple wants to continue to grow and stand out in the industry, they should use Porters Five Forces to formulate strategies that will help them gain a competitive advantage and continue to succeed as a business. One of the forces is the bargaining power of suppliers. Apple has managed a complex chain of suppliers that are spread globally over several nations including the United States, China, Taiwan, Japan, Brazil, Mexico and several other small and big nations. Because Apple has so many suppliers in several countries, they are not limited to a single one, which allows the organization to have options. In this way, Apple also maintains excellent control over its suppliers. There is no threat of forward integration by the supplier either, so Apples position against its suppliers is strong and their bargain power is weak. Another force is the bargaining power of customers. While the bargaining power of individual customers in the case of Apple or its competitors is low, it is not so in the case of customer groups of markets. This is where Apple really needs to pay attention to its competition and what products or services theyre selling to consumers with the same interests. In the last couple of years, Apple has lost a huge market share in the Asian markets in PC industry to competitors like Lenovo, so the collective bargaining power of the customers in individual markets is high.4 However, Apple has a loyal fanbase which has led to high iPhone sales, so the bargaining power of customers can be considered as weak to moderate. Another force is the threat of new entrants. The cost barriers to establishing a new technology company are very high and it would be very difficult for a company to generate Apples king of brand image and recognition overnight. This is something that can serve as beneficial to Apple as the threat of new entrants isnt very strong. However, even though Apple has this advantage, it doesnt mean that there arent threats out there. A big brand with lots of capital and good brand recognition can diversify into this area to challenge Apples market share. The threat of substitutes is another force that is part of Porters Five Forces. Apple needs to provide their consumers with products or services that will keep them satisfied. If not, they will choose to start using other products that are offered within the industry. While the brand loyalty of Apple consumers is high, some of the models from Samsung and Google are a potential threat because of their efficiency and design. Apple can hardly do anything to mitigate this threat except to bring more products with great features, but overall, the threat of substitutes for Apple is moderate. The last force that is part of Porters Five Force is the competitive rivalry between the existing players. The level of competition between the top players in the technological industry is very high. Apple has to take the competitors in the industry seriously if they want to continue to strive as a business. Some of the competitors of Apple in the industry include Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Lenovo, HP, Samsung and others. All these brands are engaged in intense competition where the loss of one can be the benefit of the other. Value Chain Analysis Value chain analysis is a process where a firm identifies its primary and support activities that add value to its final product and then analyze these activities to reduce costs or increase differentiation. Value chain represents the internal activities a firm engages in when transforming inputs into outputs. There are five primary activities that are within the value chain. They are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. There are also four support activities, and they are technology/research development, human resource management, procurement, and firm infrastructure. As mentioned earlier, Apple has a number of suppliers they do business with. CEO Tim Cook is known for his strategy of getting suppliers to compete with each-other and he has reduced the numbers of suppliers considerably after becoming CEO in 2011. The main sources of value in Apple inbound logistics relate to the economics of scale due to the massive scope and scale of business operations and the development of strategic relationships with suppliers. When it comes to operations, Apple has operating segments located in many parts of the world. They include the Americas, Europe, India, Middle East and Africa, Greater China, Japan, and the rest of the Asian Pacific (Australia and other Asian countries). Outsourcing of manufacturing to locations with lower costs of resources is the main source of value for Apple operations. Apple outbound logistics involves warehousing and distribution of ready iPhones, iPads, Mac computers and other products produced by the company.6 E-commerce sales are rightly acknowledged by the company as a massive source of value in terms of inbound logistics, because e-commerce is more cost effective compared to sales via Apple Store.6 Apple has been able to really succeed as an organization with their efforts. They have become the third largest retailer in the United States in terms of size of e-commerce business, only behind Amazon and Wal-Mart. With their marketing and sales, Apple sells their products though seven sales channels. They are Apple retail stores, Apple online store, direct sales force, third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. One of the reasons why Apple has been able to garner a loyal fanbase is because of their service. Apple is famous for exceptional quality of customer services during all three stages: pre-purchase, during the purchase, and post-purchase. The company maintains Apple experience centres in major cities around the globe where anyone can use its products to become convinced about the quality.

Essay on Lime Disease - 941 Words

Lime Disease nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is a tick-borne spirochete. The dangers of this disease became more publicised in 1977, where a geographic grouping of children in Lyme, Conneticut were thought to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis1. Soon after, it was discovered that lyme disease was an illness that mainly affects the skin, nervous system, heart, and joints. The borrelia species is part of the eubacterial phylum of spirochetes. Containted within a protoplasmic cylinder is a cell membrane, followed by wavy flagella, and then an outer membrane. The genes encoded within the outer membrane are located on plasmids which allows the organism to make antigenic changes in these†¦show more content†¦Secondary skin lesions may occur but are smaller and migrate less. The main symptoms include fatigue and excruciating headache, lasting only hours or days. Meningitis, poor memory, mood change, cardiac problems, and facial palsy are also very common. They may recur or become chronic1. Six months later (on average), many patients have brief attacks of arthritis in the large joints, especially in the knee. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stage 3 is classified as the late persistent infection, where arthritis lasts longer (ie. months) and chronic arthritis (a year or more of joint inflammation) begins. More than a year after infection, B. burgdorferI may affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There has been a lot of work carried out in this field, particularly where children are affected. For example, the transplacental transmission of B. burgdorferi has been reported in 2 infants whose mothers were infected with Lyme borreliosis during the first trimester of pregnancy. Both of these infants dies in their first week of life. One had encephalitis and the other had congenital cardiac malformations1. Spirochetes were seen in various fetal tissues. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Studies reviewing lyme disease in pregnant women before knowing the outcome of theirShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Lupus And Limes Disease881 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I was born my mother had Von Willebrand, Lupus and Limes Disease. She wasn t diagnosed until 18 years ago when I was born. I’d see her struggle everyday while it took over her immune system and her physical movement I saw my mother trying to cope with what was and what would be her. As I got older and I could understand the phrase â€Å"mommy isn t feeling good† I knew something was wrong. I saw my aunts come over and help my mom with her hair and do her makeup, my mother had to wear cancer patientRead MoreA Brief Note On Lupus And Limes Disease895 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I was born, my mother had Von Willebrand, Lupus and Limes Disease. She wasn t diagnosed until 18 years ago when I was born. I’d see her struggle everyday while it took over her immune system and h er physical movement I saw my mother trying to cope with what was and what would be her. As I got older and I could understand the phrase â€Å"mommy isn t feeling good† I knew something was wrong. I saw my aunts come over and help my mom with her hair and do her makeup, my mother had to wear cancerRead MoreEpidemiology Is Not For Diseases Among Human Populations1289 Words   |  6 PagesEpidemiology is the study of how often diseases spread through a population. This information can be used to help reduce the damage caused in future epidemics and also help to understand the best way to treat patients of a current epidemic. The word epidemiology comes from Greek, literally translating to â€Å"the study of what is upon the people†. However nowadays epidemiology is not limited to diseases among human populations, epidemiology can now be the study of disease in any defined population. 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Providing basic need of shelter c an help to cut back on the spread of disease, by providing environmental stability. Focusing on the environmental aspect of homelessness, Sharon Chamard wrote an article that addressedRead MoreAfrican Elephants ( Loxadonta Africana ) And Amur Tigers1172 Words   |  5 Pagestigris altaica), despite being classed as mammals they show a great diversity, one is a carnivore and one is a herbivore. Whether in the wild or held in captivity, African elephants and tigers (like all animals) are susceptible to certain diseases, these diseases can either be bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic. Having the knowledge when an animal is in good and poor health is vital. To ensure an animal is in good health the animal needs to be in good body condition, good appetite and is relaxedRead MoreThe Effects Of Drinking Water On The Human Body1530 Words   |  7 Pageschemical process known as redox (oxidation/reduction) to remove chlorine, lead, mercury, iron, and hydrogen sulfide from water supplies. The process also has a mild anti-bacterial, algaecidic, and fungicidic effect and may reduce the accumulation of lime scale. The process works by exchanging electrons with contaminants. This give and take of electrons converts many contaminants into harmless components. It is cost effective but must be used with other systems mentioned above. Infrastructure upgradeRead MoreThe Microbiology Of Lyme Disease2421 Words   |  10 Pagesthink of when you hear Lyme disease? I asked my brother, just for fun, to see what his response would be, and his response was too good not to share. He said â€Å"Yeah, Lyme disease is when limes turn gross.† I can’t make this up! Sorry, Landon, not quite. Lyme disease is a rather increasing epidemic, not only in Iowa but also in great numbers on the east coast states. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing what Lyme disease is, the microbiology of Lyme disease, how one can get it, the typicalRead MoreTaking a Look at Water Chlorination566 Words   |  2 Pagesis another process that is commonly used in the water treatment industry. Chlorination can be defined as the addition of chlorine or hypochlorite to a water supply for disinfection purposes. Pathogens present in drinking water can cause serious diseases upon consumption and therefore need to be treated (Safe D rinking Water Foundation, 2009). Chlorination is one of the various methods that is used to deactivate these pathogens and can be found in operation at many municipal works across the countryRead MoreThe Copper Mine Of 342 Dead Snow Geese1547 Words   |  7 PagesBerkeley Pit has a very high concentration of heavy metals. As the water filled the pit the water picked up leftover copper, iron, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc. Because of all of the massive amounts of metal deposits in the water the pit’s water is red and lime-green in color. The persistence of the heavy metals in the pit water and surrounding areas will be hundreds of years before the concentration thins out. The pit’s critical water level is 5410 ft. Once the water reaches this level it will begin to

Adulthod final Free Essays

The distinction of the age range within each stage of development or within a single stage say childhood or adolescence varies from one community to another. These distinctions are not fixed and they vary greatly depending on the culture and the social orientation of the society doing the distinction. For instance, the age at which an individual is seen as a juvenile varies from state to another and therefore it is automatic that the age of at which one converts to an adult from adolescence will also vary. We will write a custom essay sample on Adulthod final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the distinction between childhood and adulthood will also vary between these states and generally vary from one cultural and social group to another all along history. It is important to note that the passage year into adulthood or passage years within adulthood itself as a stage of development is socially and culturally fixed. All cultures divide the entire life of human beings into more all the same but what differ are the transition ages from one stage to another or from one sub stage (within one development stage say adulthood) to another. Of great importance are the roles that come with the attainment of each development stage (Barber, 1957). These roles are assigned or expected in each society or culture differently and on the basis of the developmental changes observed at each stage. For instance, one will be expected to marry and raise a family at the entry into adulthood whereas other societies will prefer on to move on to the middle adulthood before he or she could marry. This paper seeks to address the stages of adulthood giving a detailed description of the changes observed at each stage of adulthood and at the same time addressing how public policy affects each period of development and examine the different cultural influences during each developmental period. 2.0 Literature Review Life development stages are often marked by certain specific social, physical and psychological developments or changes. When these changes are observed the assignment of rights, roles, privileges and responsibilities then takes place but this assignment is depended on the culturally defined or defined as a matter of official policy. For instance, in Western industrialized societies, the life development stages are defined as Prenatal stage (conception- birth), Infancy (birth-2 years), Early childhood (3-6 years), Middle childhood (6 years- puberty which of course varies), Adolescence (beginning of puberty to adulthood), Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood old age (sixty-five and older). Of great concern especially for this paper are the stages of adulthood which as seen from above list is divided into 3 stages: Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood/old age (65 years and older) (Pikunas Eugene, 1991). A young adult is lies between the age of 20-40 and individuals in this sub stage of adulthood display energy and vigor. They are generally of perfect health and bereft of problems related to senescence. Physical performance reaches the peak at the age of 20-35an starts to wane after 35, Strength peaks at 25 and remains constant through 35-40 after which it starts to decline and Flexibility decrease as the age goes past 35 or 40. It is important to note physical differences in which a 40 year old may out beat a 20 year old on many of the aspects highlighted above. Women in this group reach their fertility peak which then decreases gradually as age progresses. For instance, there is 50%, 40% and 30% for women aged19-26, 27-34 and 35-39 respectively (Lesser Pope, 2007). At this sub stage of adulthood, the members think in a more mature way as oppose to the preceding adolescence stage and focus more on the positive construction of a bright future ahead of them. Further, they learn to appreciate value in things and issues, tangible or intangible, and their relationships with adults improve markedly. Middle adulthood, according to the US official policies , includes the ages 35-54 year olds but Erik Erikson deems otherwise and thinks that this stage end later and thus sets the stage to last from 40-65 years old. This stage succeeds young adulthood and it is defined by visible aging signs such as graying of hair and loss of skin elasticity, put up of body weigh usually due to reduced physical activity and decrease in strength and flexibility. Female fertility also decreases significantly during this stage of middle adulthood. However, the aging process observed in this stage varies from one individual to another mainly through the concept of individual differences (Shephard, 1998). Finally, late adulthood or old age starts from 65 years and above. However this boundary between the middle adulthood and old age may not be categorically placed because it doesn’t share the same connotations in all societies and therefore it varies from on society to another. For Instance, in most parts of the world, old age is assigned to people based on certain changes in their lives, activities and social roles i.e. people are said to be old   when they assume or become grandparents, or when they retire. European and North American societies identify old age with attainment of specific number of years. This apparently last stage of the human life cycle is distinct of limited regenerative ability with the members being highly prone to disease sickness and syndromes besides other aspects of senescence. 3.0 Statement of the Problem The stages of adulthood development vary from one society or government to another. It is evident that the age definitions of these sub stages of adulthood differ from one official government policy to another and these governments fix these age .numbers based on the societal assignments of roles. The society on the other hand assigns roles, responsibilities, privileges etc basing on the public policy defined by the government. Therefore, it goes without saying that public policy affects each of the sub stages of adult development cultural orientation immensely influences each sub stage of developmental period. 4.0 Research Methods The method of collecting data is designed in a way that one randomly observes various people in various sub stages of adulthood noting the common physical, social and even psychological features where possible. Further, at least ten individuals in each sub stages of the adulthood stage i.e. Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood, Elderly are interviewed to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and what are some of the responsibilities, roles, rights etc that come with each sub stage of adulthood development. The research schedule was set a below: 4.1 Early Adulthood Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.2 Middle Adulthood Observations: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.3 Late Adulthood Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage Time: 3 Hours 4.4 Elderly Observation: physical, psychological and social features Interview: to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage How to cite Adulthod final, Papers

Future Planning

Question: Explain The formal feedback that is needed for the future planning. Answer: The proactive measures likely taken for the improvement of the encouragement of the team is by awarding them accordingly. The team involved in certain activity always appreciates some positive feedback regarding their performances. Hence rewarding them is the best way to promote the encouragement as well as continue the improvement. The formal feedback that is needed for the future planning are: Request for the increase in the payroll. Adequate means of the environment improvement so that the employees find a good place to work. The increase in the manpower for some specified department to continue with the activity of the organization. To help improve the time management skills we can give them adequate training in maintaining the time. Also, make them attend the sessions to understand the most tactful way of managing time and give them time to practice on the same. The problems to be discussed are: The problem in the behavior that the colleagues sometimes get from each other. The problem regarding the salary increase. Problems of the exploitation. The KPI or the KSI are used for the monitoring of the performance of the team xo that they can have the track with themselves regarding the performances they deliver. The use makes them competitive providing a better outcome. The hospitality industry is purely based on the teamwork. Hence, not coordinating can lead to the miscommunication resulting the customer remaining unfulfilled. The most effective tool for the problem solving is the mode of the discussion. The conference will give rise to new ideas resulting less of confusion. The best way to give feedback is by sending an official mail regarding the same. To check the understanding of the instructions require the examination of the output. The most common problem is the misbehavior that the employees face. It is advisable to make a discussion with the concerned and if nothing changes then it is advisable to move to the concerned forum. The very general encouragement is the group discussion and gives scope to that person so that they find comfortability to discuss the problem. This is in concern for _____ hotel: Front office SOP regarding the guest room allocation and the up gradation or the downgrade: SOP- guest room allocation for downgrade: SOP Number: FO-_____( this is the SOP for the serial number and the departmental code) Department- Front Office. Date of issue: Training Time: 30 minutes. Familiar with the type of the room to get a generalized concept- It is important to get familiar with the category of the room along with the differences even if that is minor. The trainers are expected to memorize the same so that they can detect the exact location for the situational optimize. Verify the specification and the reservation- it is important for the trainer to verify the guest immediately after they check-in. During the time of the check-in, it is important to note the category of the reservation. Trainers are expected to verify the guest and their category respecting their perspective while they applied. Category available: Higher floor. Special viewing rooms. Rooms that must have the location away from the elevator. Twin/ double. Smoking or non- smoking. Any other criteria specially mentioned by the guests while they made the reservation. Allocation of the room- while the guests check-in it is important to note the category with the reserved room they opted to stay. It is important for the trainer to note that the room allocation goes with the criteria the guest made the order. Honor request of Guest- sometimes it is not possible to allocate the room as per the guest request. Searching an alternative room as per the request may not be possible as the room may be accompanied. Inform the guest regarding the unavailability of the rooms and convince them to shift to the time of unavailability. A common request to be followed. For the couples, it is essential to provide a king size bed and not the twin bed. There must be an availability of the non- smoking rooms. If any company members come in groups, then they should get the allocation in the similarity basis as well as the convenience. Problematic rooms to be given least preference. As per the request of the single woman blocks the interconnecting rooms or keep it accessed. Consider any other options. It is the duty of the trainer to consider the other options so that there is a chance for an alternative availability. Always upgrade the guest in the room if the booked criteria are unavailable. The front office must be active to process any recovery. If the downgrade rooms are the only option left, then explain that politely to the customer and make the payment adjustment in such manner. Training summary questions: Types of rooms available? Details to verify during the time of arrival of guests? What makes it important ensure the type of room to be allotted while the request made for the same? How to handle a situation when you cannot process a request from the guest. What are the common requests of the guests? What guidelines to follow for the room up gradation? Who is the concerned person to inform for the down gradation of a room? Why or why not it is a good practice to block problematic rooms for longer staying guests. Take special care for the guests with disabilities and make amenities or the services required at the time of reservation. Superblock such rooms in advance so that there is the lack of confusion. Workflow plan for an activity: Work schedule for an activity: The steps outlined for the asserting of workloads and other responsibilities are: Concerning the excel sheet that explains the work schedule, it is determined about the workload to be delivered and to observe whether such person is capable or not. The workload is shared in such manner so that the person can get competent and is confidence to do it. It will be baseless to pressurize someone for the output which is the main concern of the department while they deliver the work. Predicting the demands relates to the dealing with the product. So, the product must be such that the consumer demands. Hence, the output and the quality followed by the demand of the consumers give a calculative prediction of the demands regarding the product. As the concerned member of the specified department, it is the duty to make the assumptions based on such demands. The staffs for the same must be provided with adequate means to maintain the same quality so that predicted demands are the constant factor, and the quality remains same as per the demand made by the consumer. Workload and demand prediction can fulfill when there is enough fulfillment of the stuffing needs. When the stuff and the stuff needs are fulfilled, then the adequate means of output can be drawn. This is the main concern with the concerned department. SOP for business department for (organization name): Financial procedures: the process includes the directives of the financial department, which also includes the financial reporting that helps in constituting a separate SOP. IT procedures and computer: this includes the information regarding the IT process as well as the other technology procedures. The system even includes the information of the about the company policy for the use of the internet, personal email account, evaluation of the hardware and software. SOP reflects the standards of asserting the risks that are included in the technology security breach. Human Resource and its working: the Human Resource is the main department of the organization. The total strength of the company depends on upon the Human Resource and it's working. Hence, this department must be well-trained and some additional guidelines provided so that they can sort out the problems in the entity faced by the employees or the management. Marketing and sales: some experts in the SOP explains that guidelines for the business corporation for making some market analysis with the research and the procedures. Some of the guidelines are mailed which includes the advertising of the product, mail marketing, and the public relations. Security concern: The main component of the SOP is the security concern. SOP for the entity takes adequate measures for maintenance of security. SOP remains with the components about the statement of the guidelines and the ethics that is related to the employee contact code. The benchmarking is the medium of the measurement that defines the quality of the organizational policies, strategies, programs as well as the products. It is a medium to make some measurement as well as to compare them or make some similar measurements regarding the peers and that medium. The main objective of the benchmarking are: To determine the improvements for the places where it is called to make such improvements. Analyzing the places of weakness so that the organization can get some of the ideas to achieve a performance at a high level. The information extracted from the same helps provide a better outcome so that there is a scope for the improvements. It is the new trend of the company to adopt the system of the benchmarking so that there is a possibility to set a new excellence and all the future models can live in that excellence expectation. There are four types of benchmarking: Internal Benchmarking. Functional benchmarking. Competitive benchmarking. Skill was benchmarking. The relation between benchmarking and the SOP are as followed: The greatest relation between the parameter and SOPS is that they both can be used for the information of the assessment theories. In the matter of the benchmark, the assessment is held for the judgment of someone's performance. The judgment of the performance makes sense in the matter that somehow it will be able to judge the performances. The benchmark is the most efficient way of the performance measurement criteria and hence it is accepted in the reasonable standards. For the purpose of the training, the benchmark is widely used by the judge for the performance assessment so that there is an easy method to bring a conclusion about the depth of the knowledge and the capability to further continuation of the same. In the SOP standard, the policy followed as by giving a snapshot of the set of knowledge that are performed to some particular standard. It specifies particular criteria describing the outcomes of the factor for what we are looking and is purely based on the performance. System involved in the quality assurance for the (department name): The system involved in the quality assurance is a factor that is an employee based section. The system takes adequate means to increase and encourage the employees regarding the quality assurance by giving out the awards. The awards in the form of the extrinsic or the intrinsic motivate the employee to work better. The arrangement of the Annual General Meeting is one of the critical components of the factors improving the working area for the better outcome. The two different times when the team encountered an operational or service issue are: When there was a confusion going on between the team members. When the management complained about the outcome productivity. The things came to the notice: When the outcome productivity was getting low, and there was a situation of internal tension where the team members were not willing to work with each other. The response was to call for a meeting with the management and the discussion made so that there is a change in the outcome and can improve in the future.